Recent content by billslugg

  1. billslugg

    Dark energy could be getting weaker, suggesting the universe will end in a 'Big Crunch

    What did you get for the speed of light? Inflation and a variable speed of light are two competing theories. I happen to go with inflation. There is no "outside" to the universe. Schwartzchild radius calculations at the time of the early universe do not allow for the formation a giant black...
  2. billslugg

    Dark energy could be getting weaker, suggesting the universe will end in a 'Big Crunch

    C is constant. Why don't you go measure it and show us the data saying it's not? Otherwise I'm going with the entire scientific community for the last 100 years versus an anonymous source. Inflation overrode gravity due to its energy. The Schwartzchild radius is for matter absent energy pushing...
  3. billslugg

    Dark energy could be getting weaker, suggesting the universe will end in a 'Big Crunch

    You need to over-ride your post and correct "effects" to "defects".
  4. billslugg

    James Webb Space Telescope suggests supermassive black holes grew from heavy cosmic 'seeds

    They look with radio telescopes and get a signal all over the sky at 2 mm wavelength, corresponding to a temperature of 3 Kelvins. They know this is given off by hot hydrogen and they know where the strongest line is. By calculating backwards using that amount of doppler shift they can tell it...
  5. billslugg

    James Webb Space Telescope suggests supermassive black holes grew from heavy cosmic 'seeds

    Much of the problem lies in the fact that the collapsing we are talking about occurred during the period 380,000-700 million years ago. We cannot see anything in that period of time. Telescopes operating at longer wavelengths than Webb will be needed. All we know is a giant cloud of hydrogen at...
  6. billslugg

    James Webb Space Telescope suggests supermassive black holes grew from heavy cosmic 'seeds

    Primordial hydrogen has four emission lines, but there are small amounts of helium and lithium in there too. Each has many lines. There is also the background CMBR which is a black body radiation, of all wavelengths. All coefficients change with different pressures. The temperature of the gas...
  7. billslugg

    AI may be to blame for our failure to make contact with alien civilizations

    AI is but a tool for humans. Some humans will use it to try and take over the world. Other humans will devise defenses. The process will be iterative on both sides. it will be a back and forth with both sides using it to their advantage. Each time we get our fingers rapped we'll devise new...
  8. billslugg

    An introduction to Refractional redshift, and how it was confused with gravitational redshift

    Not all observers are in motion. There is a preferred velocity in the universe. Simply measure the CMBR dipole anisotropy and set your cruise control in the opposite direction. Once CMBR dipole anisotropy is zero you are at rest. There is no preferred position in the universe, all locations see...
  9. billslugg

    An introduction to Refractional redshift, and how it was confused with gravitational redshift

    I'll watch but not participate. I have a long tradition of not understanding but one theoretical framework of the universe at a time and right now I'm not understanding Einstein. I'll let you know when there is an opening. Stocking up on popcorn as we speak.
  10. billslugg

    James Webb Space Telescope suggests supermassive black holes grew from heavy cosmic 'seeds

    We do not see clouds of pure hydrogen collapsing all around us now, as there is no more pure hydrogen. The hydrogen we have now is heavily contaminated by many other elements, all of which allow for much faster shedding of heat. The mystery is around large clouds of pure hydrogen, as existed...
  11. billslugg

    An introduction to Refractional redshift, and how it was confused with gravitational redshift

    We need a "throw down". You and Petcho, mano a mano. We could charge money. Can't wait.
  12. billslugg

    James Webb Space Telescope suggests supermassive black holes grew from heavy cosmic 'seeds

    Yes, primordial black holes could be responsible for a lot of hydrogen being sucked into them, but they cannot provide for stars. How did stars originate out of hydrogen clouds? We are forced to come up with some way for large cold clouds of hydrogen to self compress and shed heat at a high...
  13. billslugg

    An introduction to Refractional redshift, and how it was confused with gravitational redshift

    You need to go talk with Pentcho Valev, he worked this issue here for a long time with almost the same words you are using. He went away after awhile, couldn't get any traction.
  14. billslugg

    James Webb Space Telescope suggests supermassive black holes grew from heavy cosmic 'seeds

    Yes, the gravitational energy of a diffuse cloud of gas is converted into heat of compression as the cloud shrinks. It can shrink further only as it can radiate the heat away. We don't know how to calculate that in the case of pure hydrogen clouds. Our equations say it radiates slower than what...
  15. billslugg

    James Webb Space Telescope suggests supermassive black holes grew from heavy cosmic 'seeds

    We know the state of the universe at t=780,000 years, it was a bright cloud of hydrogen. We can see it by looking at the CMBR. After that time the hydrogen gas was tranparent. The problem is that contraction of these gas clouds due to their own gravity results in an increase in temperature which...