BETELGEUSE (Alpha Orionis). The great star Betelgeuse is one of the two that dominate mighty Orion of northern winter, the other Rigel, the pair respectively called Alpha and Beta Orionis. The name Betelgeuse is a corruption of the Arabic "yad al jauza," which means the "hand of al-jauza," al-jauza the ancient Arabs' "Central One," a mysterious woman. For us, it marks the upper left hand corner of the figure of the Greek's ancient hunter (and since he is facing you, his right shoulder). One of the sky's two first magnitude supergiants (the other Antares of northern summer), Betelgeuse is one of the larger stars that can be seen, indeed one of the larger stars to be found anywhere. Typically shining at magnitude 0.7, this class M (M1.5) red supergiant (with a temperature of about 3600 Kelvin) is a semi-regular variable that changes between magnitude 0.2 and 1.5 over multiple periods between roughly half a year and 6 years. At its most likely distance of 425 light years, its measured angular diameter yields a radius 600 times that of the Sun, 2.8 Astronomical Units. If placed at the Sun, the star would go 55% of the way to the orbit of the planet Jupiter. From its size and temperature, allowing for its infrared radiation, Betelgeuse shines an amazing 60,000 times brighter than our Sun, which coupled with the temperature also gives a radius of 2.8 AU. However, the star is ejecting part of itself through a strong wind, and is surrounded by a huge shell of dust of its own making. That, an extended atmosphere, and the pulsations make it difficult to locate an actual "surface" and to tell just how large the star actually is. Even the distance is subject to uncertainty, the luminosity ranging from 40,000 solar to 100,000 solar. Whatever the actual numbers, Betelgeuse is clearly a highly evolved star, one whose central hydrogen fuel supply has run out. As a result, the core contracted into a hot dense state, and the outer portions swelled outward. We do not really know the s