"So in the end Russian involvement has saved the US money and kept it flying. "<br /><br />Well I didn't mean to get intoa debate on this. I don't disagree with your points, except for saving money. We have huge costs day-to-day with staff over there/here, translating everything, huge outlays in work hours for extra negotiations that are not present for the other IPs, increased travel etc. My point on CRV was that we would have had more monetary options and might today actually have it rather than not have anything and waiting for CEV. The US was not ready as you stated (especially the lab module) but we likely would have delayed everything rather then the way things played out costing more. And I didn't say they didn't play a key role especially after Columbia but there role was more critical partly because we shot ourselves in the foot. But I can't say for sure, it is really hard to say what would have cost more/less.<br /><br />"The thing that soured the relationship is politics. "<br /><br />I disagree. I think the politics has been pretty postive. It has actually been working with them day to day. Something that can take an hour to negoitiate with the Europeans will take 2 weeks witht he Russians. And then they will do whatever they want anyway. Things like ramming Progresses in so that their antennae get caught on hand rails is another example. Sorry, don't mean to go on too much. Just trying to illustrate that there is a LOT more than just Soyuz return vehicles and shuttles involved. I think that is a bigger reason Griffin wants to keep the IPs out of the critical path. Now of course, it is a lot like a marriage. By divorcing, you get rid of all the bad things, but you lose all the good things too. I am not trying to say one thing or the other is right, just trying to help explain.<br />