Helio, ref your question in post #5. The puzzle of protoplanetary disk masses,
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019asrc.confE..19M/abstract, December 2019.
My observation. Reference link,
https://zenodo.org/record/3585204#.YMbQzfKSmUk, 19-Dec-2019, 31 page report. Page 2 shows 1% for dust mass, 99% for gas mass. Page 15 graph shows CO gas mass relative to Msun, 10^-5 to 10^-1 Msun mass. This is 3.329 earth mass to 33294 earth masses, a large gas mass range in the disks. Most of the data points are 10^-5 to 10^-3 Msun, 3.329 earth masses to 332.94 earth masses. Page 27 shows disk masses clustering around 10^-4 Msun, 33.294 earth masses. Page 28 shows some data points clustering around 10^-2 Msun, 3329.4 earth masses. TW Hya is referenced too. MS BING search reports TW Hydrae is 196 light-years away and 5 to 10 million years old. The abstract shows ALMA is finding CO gas masses in the disks often < 318 earth masses or smaller than Jupiter mass.
There are many reports now available on ALMA and disk masses. Example, Protoplanetary disk masses in NGC 2024: Evidence for two populations,
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020arXiv200413551V/abstract, April 2020.
From the report attached, "Table 1. Continuum fluxes and masses for the detected disks." The disk masses are listed ranging from 2.5 earth masses to 1055 earth masses shown. 1055 earth masses is 3.17E-3 solar mass. "5. Conclusions In this article, we presented observations of a large field towards the center of NGC 2024, containing 179 protoplanetary disks, as well as several YSOs at earlier stages of evolution. The purpose of these observations was to characterize the disk masses in a young, massive star-forming region, and to use these masses to study how disk evolution is affected by the strong radiation fields and high stellar densities in such environments by comparing NGC 2024 to other regions. This comparison depends sensitively on our knowledge of the stellar populations of NGC 2024. By comparing CO velocity measurements with multi-wavelength surveys of YSOs and stellar ages, we can interpret the disk masses of the distinct populations in our field in a coherent way. This approach allows us to locate the Class II objects of NGC 2024 in the interstellar environment in much greater detail. In the future, a Guaranteed Time Observations program on the James Webb Space Telescope towards this region (ID 1190, PI: M. Meyer) will allow the properties of the stellar and substellar populations in this region to be constrained in greater detail, and to confirm the results presented here."
My note. NGC 2024 is the Flame Nebula in Orion, I have viewed this with my telescopes,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_Nebula