As far as I have heard, Starship is still just a shell with rocket motors and a guidance system that has been developed to get it to land upright, like the Falcon rockets. It still needs crew systems, including a unique elevator system, and it needs to be refueled in space. And, it has not yet demonstrated success to, in, and from orbit, much less lunar transfer and landing. It's first stage, "Super Heavy" has not yet gotten off the ground, either.
So, not clear at this point that Starship is ahead of Artemis in the overall development process.
But, I do agree that there is a clear difference in the development techniques. SpaceX is not afraid to fail during its tests, so tests things earlier and learns faster. But, NASA has a lot more experience with crews in orbit than SpaceX, although the Dragon capsule is good experience. Just remember the toilet problems with that private orbital mission, though. A backed-up toilet on the way to the moon for a 42 day trip is not a good prospect.