Is the Universe a giant hologram?

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Smersh

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<p>This theory from Craig Hogan, a physicist at the Fermilab particle physics lab in Batavia, Illinois, is a possible result of a gravitational wave detector experiment known as &nbsp;<strong>GEO600.&nbsp;</strong></p><p>Here's a couple of short extracts from an article in from today's New Scientist:</p><p><font color="#003366">For many months, the GEO600 team-members had been scratching their heads over inexplicable noise that is plaguing their giant detector. Then, out of the blue, a researcher approached them with an explanation. In fact, he had even predicted the noise before he knew they were detecting it. According to Craig Hogan, a physicist at the Fermilab particle physics lab in Batavia, Illinois, GEO600 has stumbled upon the fundamental limit of space-time - the point where space-time stops behaving like the smooth continuum Einstein described and instead dissolves into "grains", just as a newspaper photograph dissolves into dots as you zoom in. "It looks like GEO600 is being buffeted by the microscopic quantum convulsions of space-time," says Hogan.<br /><br />If this doesn't blow your socks off, then Hogan, who has just been appointed director of Fermilab's Center for Particle Astrophysics, has an even bigger shock in store: "If the GEO600 result is what I suspect it is, then we are all living in a giant cosmic hologram."</font></p><p><font color="#000000">Later in the article, Hogan qualifies this a little:</font><font color="#000080"><br /></font></p><p><font color="#003366">No one - including Hogan - is yet claiming that GEO600 has found evidence that we live in a holographic universe. It is far too soon to say. "There could still be a mundane source of the noise," Hogan admits.&nbsp;</font></p><p>Full article:<strong> http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20126911.300-our-world-may-be-a-giant-hologram.html?page=1</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <h1 style="margin:0pt;font-size:12px">----------------------------------------------------- </h1><p><font color="#800000"><em>Lady Nancy Astor: "Winston, if you were my husband, I'd poison your tea."<br />Churchill: "Nancy, if you were my wife, I'd drink it."</em></font></p><p><font color="#0000ff"><strong>Website / forums </strong></font></p> </div>
 
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Smersh

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<p>This theory from Craig Hogan, a physicist at the Fermilab particle physics lab in Batavia, Illinois, is a possible result of a gravitational wave detector experiment known as &nbsp;<strong>GEO600.&nbsp;</strong></p><p>Here's a couple of short extracts from an article in from today's New Scientist:</p><p><font color="#003366">For many months, the GEO600 team-members had been scratching their heads over inexplicable noise that is plaguing their giant detector. Then, out of the blue, a researcher approached them with an explanation. In fact, he had even predicted the noise before he knew they were detecting it. According to Craig Hogan, a physicist at the Fermilab particle physics lab in Batavia, Illinois, GEO600 has stumbled upon the fundamental limit of space-time - the point where space-time stops behaving like the smooth continuum Einstein described and instead dissolves into "grains", just as a newspaper photograph dissolves into dots as you zoom in. "It looks like GEO600 is being buffeted by the microscopic quantum convulsions of space-time," says Hogan.<br /><br />If this doesn't blow your socks off, then Hogan, who has just been appointed director of Fermilab's Center for Particle Astrophysics, has an even bigger shock in store: "If the GEO600 result is what I suspect it is, then we are all living in a giant cosmic hologram."</font></p><p><font color="#000000">Later in the article, Hogan qualifies this a little:</font><font color="#000080"><br /></font></p><p><font color="#003366">No one - including Hogan - is yet claiming that GEO600 has found evidence that we live in a holographic universe. It is far too soon to say. "There could still be a mundane source of the noise," Hogan admits.&nbsp;</font></p><p>Full article:<strong> http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20126911.300-our-world-may-be-a-giant-hologram.html?page=1</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <h1 style="margin:0pt;font-size:12px">----------------------------------------------------- </h1><p><font color="#800000"><em>Lady Nancy Astor: "Winston, if you were my husband, I'd poison your tea."<br />Churchill: "Nancy, if you were my wife, I'd drink it."</em></font></p><p><font color="#0000ff"><strong>Website / forums </strong></font></p> </div>
 
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kyle_baron

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<strong></strong>Yes, it is.&nbsp; Space and time has an end, where each = 0.<br /> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <p><font size="4"><strong></strong></font></p> </div>
 
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kyle_baron

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<strong></strong>Yes, it is.&nbsp; Space and time has an end, where each = 0.<br /> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <p><font size="4"><strong></strong></font></p> </div>
 
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vogon13

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<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Is this related to discontinuous time, where we now are actually experiencing the resolution to the arrow paradox ??</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>{weird Theremin sound effects}</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <p><font color="#ff0000"><strong>TPTB went to Dallas and all I got was Plucked !!</strong></font></p><p><font color="#339966"><strong>So many people, so few recipes !!</strong></font></p><p><font color="#0000ff"><strong>Let's clean up this stinkhole !!</strong></font> </p> </div>
 
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vogon13

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<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Is this related to discontinuous time, where we now are actually experiencing the resolution to the arrow paradox ??</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>{weird Theremin sound effects}</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <p><font color="#ff0000"><strong>TPTB went to Dallas and all I got was Plucked !!</strong></font></p><p><font color="#339966"><strong>So many people, so few recipes !!</strong></font></p><p><font color="#0000ff"><strong>Let's clean up this stinkhole !!</strong></font> </p> </div>
 
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tanstaafl76

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<p>As I've poked around the internet before on the subject of gravitational wave detection via inferometer, I find this a bit hard to swallow. &nbsp;Geo600 is dwarfed by a number of larger infermometric detectors across the globe, most notably LIGO here in the U.S. and VIRGO (which IIRC is in Italy). &nbsp;If my understanding is correct, the size of an inferometer is important in its sensitivity, and these much larger detectors would be far better at detecting such minuscule background interference and easily confirm the readings. &nbsp;If they cannot, it would suggest that there instead is something affecting Geo600's accuracy.</p><p>But, I am admittedly just a curious layman who has read some stuff on teh interwebz so take it in context of that :)&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> </div>
 
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tanstaafl76

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<p>As I've poked around the internet before on the subject of gravitational wave detection via inferometer, I find this a bit hard to swallow. &nbsp;Geo600 is dwarfed by a number of larger infermometric detectors across the globe, most notably LIGO here in the U.S. and VIRGO (which IIRC is in Italy). &nbsp;If my understanding is correct, the size of an inferometer is important in its sensitivity, and these much larger detectors would be far better at detecting such minuscule background interference and easily confirm the readings. &nbsp;If they cannot, it would suggest that there instead is something affecting Geo600's accuracy.</p><p>But, I am admittedly just a curious layman who has read some stuff on teh interwebz so take it in context of that :)&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> </div>
 
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DrRocket

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<p><BR/>Replying to:<BR/><DIV CLASS='Discussion_PostQuote'>This theory from Craig Hogan, a physicist at the Fermilab particle physics lab in Batavia, Illinois, is a possible result of a gravitational wave detector experiment known as &nbsp;GEO600.&nbsp;Here's a couple of short extracts from an article in from today's New Scientist:For many months, the GEO600 team-members had been scratching their heads over inexplicable noise that is plaguing their giant detector. Then, out of the blue, a researcher approached them with an explanation. In fact, he had even predicted the noise before he knew they were detecting it. According to Craig Hogan, a physicist at the Fermilab particle physics lab in Batavia, Illinois, GEO600 has stumbled upon the fundamental limit of space-time - the point where space-time stops behaving like the smooth continuum Einstein described and instead dissolves into "grains", just as a newspaper photograph dissolves into dots as you zoom in. "It looks like GEO600 is being buffeted by the microscopic quantum convulsions of space-time," says Hogan.If this doesn't blow your socks off, then Hogan, who has just been appointed director of Fermilab's Center for Particle Astrophysics, has an even bigger shock in store: "If the GEO600 result is what I suspect it is, then we are all living in a giant cosmic hologram."Later in the article, Hogan qualifies this a little:No one - including Hogan - is yet claiming that GEO600 has found evidence that we live in a holographic universe. It is far too soon to say. "There could still be a mundane source of the noise," Hogan admits.&nbsp;Full article: http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20126911.300-our-world-may-be-a-giant-hologram.html?page=1 <br />Posted by Smersh</DIV></p><p>Very interesting article.&nbsp; Thanks.</p><p>This could be really big.&nbsp; Or it could fizzle. It will be most interesting to see what happens.</p><p>Edit: This post probably belongs in "Physics".&nbsp; It is really mainstream research, legitimate speculation subject to further experimental and theoretical confirmation or refutation.&nbsp;Further Edit: &nbsp;In fact I passed on to a serious research physicist and got a "Wow this is really interesting".&nbsp; This one is definitely not material for The Unexplained.&nbsp; It is real serioius research physics.&nbsp; </p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> </div>
 
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DrRocket

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<p><BR/>Replying to:<BR/><DIV CLASS='Discussion_PostQuote'>This theory from Craig Hogan, a physicist at the Fermilab particle physics lab in Batavia, Illinois, is a possible result of a gravitational wave detector experiment known as &nbsp;GEO600.&nbsp;Here's a couple of short extracts from an article in from today's New Scientist:For many months, the GEO600 team-members had been scratching their heads over inexplicable noise that is plaguing their giant detector. Then, out of the blue, a researcher approached them with an explanation. In fact, he had even predicted the noise before he knew they were detecting it. According to Craig Hogan, a physicist at the Fermilab particle physics lab in Batavia, Illinois, GEO600 has stumbled upon the fundamental limit of space-time - the point where space-time stops behaving like the smooth continuum Einstein described and instead dissolves into "grains", just as a newspaper photograph dissolves into dots as you zoom in. "It looks like GEO600 is being buffeted by the microscopic quantum convulsions of space-time," says Hogan.If this doesn't blow your socks off, then Hogan, who has just been appointed director of Fermilab's Center for Particle Astrophysics, has an even bigger shock in store: "If the GEO600 result is what I suspect it is, then we are all living in a giant cosmic hologram."Later in the article, Hogan qualifies this a little:No one - including Hogan - is yet claiming that GEO600 has found evidence that we live in a holographic universe. It is far too soon to say. "There could still be a mundane source of the noise," Hogan admits.&nbsp;Full article: http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20126911.300-our-world-may-be-a-giant-hologram.html?page=1 <br />Posted by Smersh</DIV></p><p>Very interesting article.&nbsp; Thanks.</p><p>This could be really big.&nbsp; Or it could fizzle. It will be most interesting to see what happens.</p><p>Edit: This post probably belongs in "Physics".&nbsp; It is really mainstream research, legitimate speculation subject to further experimental and theoretical confirmation or refutation.&nbsp;Further Edit: &nbsp;In fact I passed on to a serious research physicist and got a "Wow this is really interesting".&nbsp; This one is definitely not material for The Unexplained.&nbsp; It is real serioius research physics.&nbsp; </p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> </div>
 
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R1

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<p>&nbsp;</p><p><font size="2">Well I do understand the quantum convulsions of spacetime. &nbsp;I have known for a while of the discontinuity of space and time.</font></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><font size="2">In the first half of this short video, Brian Greene explains how he can be somewhere before arriving or being in two places at once, etc.:&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font size="3"> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Ux8gcOFu1g&feature=related</font></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><font size="2">What I do not understand is the holographic attribute or characteristic.&nbsp; What is a good explanation or description of this holographic characteristic?</font></p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> </div>
 
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R1

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<p>&nbsp;</p><p><font size="2">Well I do understand the quantum convulsions of spacetime. &nbsp;I have known for a while of the discontinuity of space and time.</font></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><font size="2">In the first half of this short video, Brian Greene explains how he can be somewhere before arriving or being in two places at once, etc.:&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font size="3"> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Ux8gcOFu1g&feature=related</font></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><font size="2">What I do not understand is the holographic attribute or characteristic.&nbsp; What is a good explanation or description of this holographic characteristic?</font></p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> </div>
 
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Smersh

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<p><BR/>Replying to:<BR/><DIV CLASS='Discussion_PostQuote'>Very interesting article.&nbsp; Thanks.This could be really big.&nbsp; Or it could fizzle. It will be most interesting to see what happens.Edit: This post probably belongs in "Physics".&nbsp; It is really mainstream research, legitimate speculation subject to further experimental and theoretical confirmation or refutation.&nbsp;Further Edit: &nbsp;In fact I passed on to a serious research physicist and got a "Wow this is really interesting".&nbsp; This one is definitely not material for The Unexplained.&nbsp; It is real serioius research physics.&nbsp; <br /> Posted by DrRocket</DIV></p><p>Thanks Doc. I thought of putting it in Physics or maybe SS & A, but because the EU threads were in Unexplained I thought maybe I'd better put it here. &nbsp;</p><p>If the mods agree with Dr Rocket it should be moved, then by all means do so. &nbsp;</p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <h1 style="margin:0pt;font-size:12px">----------------------------------------------------- </h1><p><font color="#800000"><em>Lady Nancy Astor: "Winston, if you were my husband, I'd poison your tea."<br />Churchill: "Nancy, if you were my wife, I'd drink it."</em></font></p><p><font color="#0000ff"><strong>Website / forums </strong></font></p> </div>
 
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Smersh

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<p><BR/>Replying to:<BR/><DIV CLASS='Discussion_PostQuote'>Very interesting article.&nbsp; Thanks.This could be really big.&nbsp; Or it could fizzle. It will be most interesting to see what happens.Edit: This post probably belongs in "Physics".&nbsp; It is really mainstream research, legitimate speculation subject to further experimental and theoretical confirmation or refutation.&nbsp;Further Edit: &nbsp;In fact I passed on to a serious research physicist and got a "Wow this is really interesting".&nbsp; This one is definitely not material for The Unexplained.&nbsp; It is real serioius research physics.&nbsp; <br /> Posted by DrRocket</DIV></p><p>Thanks Doc. I thought of putting it in Physics or maybe SS & A, but because the EU threads were in Unexplained I thought maybe I'd better put it here. &nbsp;</p><p>If the mods agree with Dr Rocket it should be moved, then by all means do so. &nbsp;</p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <h1 style="margin:0pt;font-size:12px">----------------------------------------------------- </h1><p><font color="#800000"><em>Lady Nancy Astor: "Winston, if you were my husband, I'd poison your tea."<br />Churchill: "Nancy, if you were my wife, I'd drink it."</em></font></p><p><font color="#0000ff"><strong>Website / forums </strong></font></p> </div>
 
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MeteorWayne

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Replying to:<BR/><DIV CLASS='Discussion_PostQuote'>Very interesting article.&nbsp; Thanks.This could be really big.&nbsp; Or it could fizzle. It will be most interesting to see what happens.Edit: This post probably belongs in "Physics".&nbsp; It is really mainstream research, legitimate speculation subject to further experimental and theoretical confirmation or refutation.&nbsp;Further Edit: &nbsp;In fact I passed on to a serious research physicist and got a "Wow this is really interesting".&nbsp; This one is definitely not material for The Unexplained.&nbsp; It is real serioius research physics.&nbsp; <br />Posted by DrRocket</DIV><br /><br />While I am loath to move something OUT of the Unexplained based on a New Scientist article, having read the article and some of the references contained within, I agree it's worth a shot. It seems to be solid (if speculative) science, and hopefully the subject will stay that way in Physics. We'll give it a try. <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <p><font color="#000080"><em><font color="#000000">But the Krell forgot one thing John. Monsters. Monsters from the Id.</font></em> </font></p><p><font color="#000080">I really, really, really, really miss the "first unread post" function</font><font color="#000080"> </font></p> </div>
 
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MeteorWayne

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Replying to:<BR/><DIV CLASS='Discussion_PostQuote'>Very interesting article.&nbsp; Thanks.This could be really big.&nbsp; Or it could fizzle. It will be most interesting to see what happens.Edit: This post probably belongs in "Physics".&nbsp; It is really mainstream research, legitimate speculation subject to further experimental and theoretical confirmation or refutation.&nbsp;Further Edit: &nbsp;In fact I passed on to a serious research physicist and got a "Wow this is really interesting".&nbsp; This one is definitely not material for The Unexplained.&nbsp; It is real serioius research physics.&nbsp; <br />Posted by DrRocket</DIV><br /><br />While I am loath to move something OUT of the Unexplained based on a New Scientist article, having read the article and some of the references contained within, I agree it's worth a shot. It seems to be solid (if speculative) science, and hopefully the subject will stay that way in Physics. We'll give it a try. <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <p><font color="#000080"><em><font color="#000000">But the Krell forgot one thing John. Monsters. Monsters from the Id.</font></em> </font></p><p><font color="#000080">I really, really, really, really miss the "first unread post" function</font><font color="#000080"> </font></p> </div>
 
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docm

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<p><font size="3">Online copy of the August 2003 Scientific American article <em>Information in the Holographic Universe</em></font></p><p>Link....</p><p><font size="3">Not a SciAm link because they're charging $5 for it <img src="http://sitelife.space.com/ver1.0/content/scripts/tinymce/plugins/emotions/images/smiley-tongue-out.gif" border="0" alt="Tongue out" title="Tongue out" /></font></p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> </div>
 
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docm

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<p><font size="3">Online copy of the August 2003 Scientific American article <em>Information in the Holographic Universe</em></font></p><p>Link....</p><p><font size="3">Not a SciAm link because they're charging $5 for it <img src="http://sitelife.space.com/ver1.0/content/scripts/tinymce/plugins/emotions/images/smiley-tongue-out.gif" border="0" alt="Tongue out" title="Tongue out" /></font></p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> </div>
 
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kyle_baron

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<p><BR/>Replying to:<BR/><DIV CLASS='Discussion_PostQuote'>&nbsp;Is this related to discontinuous time, where we now are actually experiencing the resolution to the arrow paradox ??&nbsp;</DIV></p><p><strong>We will never experience discontinuous time, because that occurs beneath the Planck Length.</strong></p><p><strong>The background (not resoulution) to the &nbsp;arrow paradox, is found at time=0, space=0</strong></p><p><strong>Hey Vogon, I found an emoticon that should appeal to your culinary tastes:&nbsp; <br /><img src="http://sitelife.space.com/ver1.0/Content/images/store/10/13/8a41d32b-3225-47b9-bd2d-7b03757d0868.Medium.gif" alt="" /><br /></strong></p><p>Replying to:<BR/><DIV CLASS='Discussion_PostQuote'>{weird Theremin sound effects}&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />Posted by vogon13</DIV></p><p><strong>No Comprende.&nbsp; </strong></p><p><br /><br />&nbsp;</p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <p><font size="4"><strong></strong></font></p> </div>
 
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kyle_baron

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<p><BR/>Replying to:<BR/><DIV CLASS='Discussion_PostQuote'>&nbsp;Is this related to discontinuous time, where we now are actually experiencing the resolution to the arrow paradox ??&nbsp;</DIV></p><p><strong>We will never experience discontinuous time, because that occurs beneath the Planck Length.</strong></p><p><strong>The background (not resoulution) to the &nbsp;arrow paradox, is found at time=0, space=0</strong></p><p><strong>Hey Vogon, I found an emoticon that should appeal to your culinary tastes:&nbsp; <br /><img src="http://sitelife.space.com/ver1.0/Content/images/store/10/13/8a41d32b-3225-47b9-bd2d-7b03757d0868.Medium.gif" alt="" /><br /></strong></p><p>Replying to:<BR/><DIV CLASS='Discussion_PostQuote'>{weird Theremin sound effects}&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />Posted by vogon13</DIV></p><p><strong>No Comprende.&nbsp; </strong></p><p><br /><br />&nbsp;</p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <p><font size="4"><strong></strong></font></p> </div>
 
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kyle_baron

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<p><BR/>Replying to:<BR/><DIV CLASS='Discussion_PostQuote'>&nbsp;&nbsp;What I do not understand is the holographic attribute or characteristic.&nbsp; What is a good explanation or description of this holographic characteristic? <br />Posted by john1r</DIV></p><p><strong>On page 452 in Brian Greene's The Fabric of the Cosmos, he describes a hologram as our&nbsp;2 dimensional shadow projecting&nbsp;a 3 dimensional person, rather than what is normally the other way around.&nbsp; The lower (2) dimensional shadow is considered real, where as the higher 3 dimensional object is the holographic projection.&nbsp; Weird.</strong><br /></p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <p><font size="4"><strong></strong></font></p> </div>
 
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kyle_baron

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<p><BR/>Replying to:<BR/><DIV CLASS='Discussion_PostQuote'>&nbsp;&nbsp;What I do not understand is the holographic attribute or characteristic.&nbsp; What is a good explanation or description of this holographic characteristic? <br />Posted by john1r</DIV></p><p><strong>On page 452 in Brian Greene's The Fabric of the Cosmos, he describes a hologram as our&nbsp;2 dimensional shadow projecting&nbsp;a 3 dimensional person, rather than what is normally the other way around.&nbsp; The lower (2) dimensional shadow is considered real, where as the higher 3 dimensional object is the holographic projection.&nbsp; Weird.</strong><br /></p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <p><font size="4"><strong></strong></font></p> </div>
 
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DrRocket

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<p><BR/>Replying to:<BR/><DIV CLASS='Discussion_PostQuote'>&nbsp;&nbsp; What is a good explanation or description of this holographic characteristic? <br />Posted by john1r</DIV></p><p>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holographic_principle</p><p>http://community.livejournal.com/ref_sciam/1190.html</p><p>http://www.uctv.tv/search-details.asp?showID=11140</p><p>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdS/CFT</p><p>You can start here.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;</p><p>If you want to really get into it you will have to chase the hard-core papers of Witten, Maldacena and 'tHooft.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/hep-th/pdf/9802/9802150v2.pdf</p><p>http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/hep-th/pdf/9711/9711200v3.pdf</p><p>http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/hep-th/pdf/0003/0003004v2.pdf</p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> </div>
 
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DrRocket

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<p><BR/>Replying to:<BR/><DIV CLASS='Discussion_PostQuote'>&nbsp;&nbsp; What is a good explanation or description of this holographic characteristic? <br />Posted by john1r</DIV></p><p>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holographic_principle</p><p>http://community.livejournal.com/ref_sciam/1190.html</p><p>http://www.uctv.tv/search-details.asp?showID=11140</p><p>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdS/CFT</p><p>You can start here.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;</p><p>If you want to really get into it you will have to chase the hard-core papers of Witten, Maldacena and 'tHooft.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/hep-th/pdf/9802/9802150v2.pdf</p><p>http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/hep-th/pdf/9711/9711200v3.pdf</p><p>http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/hep-th/pdf/0003/0003004v2.pdf</p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> </div>
 
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R1

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<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><font size="2">Thank you all so much for all the references.</font></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> </div>
 
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