James Webb Space Telescope catches ancient galaxy in the act of explosive star birth

[Admin]

The James Webb Space Telescope has observed an early dusty galaxy over 12 billion light-years away during an explosive period of star formation.

James Webb Space Telescope catches ancient galaxy in the act of explosive star birth : Read more

 

[rod]

"Located at a distance of around 12 billion light-years away, the galaxy GN20 is one of the earliest active star-forming galaxies studied in detail thus far by astronomers. It also happens to be one of the most luminous dusty star-forming galaxies ever studied."

Ref - Uncovering the stellar structure of the dusty star-forming galaxy GN20 at z=4.055 with MIRI/JWST, https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.13529, 26-April-2023. “…The stellar size of GN20 is larger by a factor of about 3-5 than known spheroids, disks, and irregulars at z∼4, while its size and low Sérsic index are similar to those measured in dusty, infrared luminous galaxies at z∼2 of the same mass. GN20 has all the ingredients necessary for evolving into a massive spheroidal quiescent galaxy at intermediate z: it is a large, luminous galaxy at z=4.05 involved in a short and massive starburst centred in the stellar nucleus and extended over the entire galaxy, out to radii of 4 kpc, and likely induced by the interaction or merger with a member of the proto-cluster.”

https://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/toolbox/calculators.html, using this calculator, z=4.055, the age of universe at z=4.055, 1.533 Gyr, look back time distance to Earth today, 12.188 Gyr or some 12 billion light years from Earth. The radius of the universe when GN20 first appeared is about 4.75 Gly so the diameter of the universe then, about 9.5 Gly across compared to the present value used, about 93 Gly for the CMBR redshift of about 1100. What is interesting, GN20 comoving radial distance today is 24 Gly away from Earth. Space expands at about 1.69 x c velocity (H0 = 69 km/s/Mpc) where GN20 could be today (not visible from Earth today). So, when GN20 first appeared according to the BB model, the universe size only about 9.5 Gly diameter and now today, if it still exists, sits in space expanding 1.69 x c velocity or a bit faster where the universe diameter today is some 93 Gly or perhaps more. Some important concepts I feel should be kept in mind when reading about galaxy evolution reports like this.

 

[Atlan0001]

Rod,

12.188 Gyr or some 12 billion light years from Earth, is a lot of turns, a lot of bends around the gravity-light cone of the spacetime Abyss. A hell of a lot of turns and bends detouring around the turns and bends of the cone of the Abyss.

Now, Rod, I want to ask you what would be the straight-line distance for a continuously powered ship at a continuous 1-earth-grav of acceleration, say the wormhole-tunnel straight-line (as straight-line can get in the universe) distance, straight through the center of the Abyss's cone to that precise spacetime coordinate location, it's [x, y, z, t=0-point] spatial positional location, where and as it is today in time (time here on Earth), 12.188 Gyrs later in time than 12 billion light years from Earth?

Rod, you know I really don't expect a measurement. I just wanted to get the 'Alice in Wonderland: Through the Looking Glass' rhetorical question out regarding positional placement today in time of that warp bubble of space. It's the kind of quantum mechanical-like question that the principle of uncertainty forbids anything like a real answer to.

 

[rod]

Rod,

12.188 Gyr or some 12 billion light years from Earth, is a lot of turns, a lot of bends around the gravity-light cone of the spacetime Abyss. A hell of a lot of turns and bends detouring around the turns and bends of the cone of the Abyss.

Now, Rod, I want to ask you what would be the straight-line distance for a continuously powered ship at a continuous 1-earth-grav of acceleration, say the wormhole-tunnel straight-line (as straight-line can get in the universe) distance, straight through the center of the Abyss's cone to that precise spacetime coordinate location, it's [x, y, z, t=0-point] spatial positional location, where and as it is today in time (time here on Earth), 12.188 Gyrs later in time than 12 billion light years from Earth?

Rod, you know I really don't expect a measurement. I just wanted to get the 'Alice in Wonderland: Through the Looking Glass' rhetorical question out regarding positional placement today in time of that warp bubble of space. It's the kind of quantum mechanical-like question that the principle of uncertainty forbids anything like a real answer to.

Very interesting Atlan0101. You said, "I just wanted to get the 'Alice in Wonderland: Through the Looking Glass' rhetorical question out regarding positional placement today in time of that warp bubble of space."

Einstein GR and the metric developed for expanding space used in the cosmology calculators, clearly define that position today relative to Earth. It is the comoving radial distance which I show for GN20 is some 24 billion light years distance from Earth. We cannot see GN20 sitting there in that space and position today Likewise observing GN20 in a universe only 9.5 billion light years in diameter when GN20 first appears after BB event compared to the universe size in BB model today, is another item I know I cannot see using my two telescopes Lesson I learned here. I must be flexible when explaining how gas clouds can evolve into galaxies and people

 

[Atlan0001]

I'm not disputing a thing you have to say, Rod. I don't understand half what you say but I do follow you along on the forum, because you study what is in front of you, even if what you see isn't what is there at that distance and may never have been there at that distance but comes from somewhere else, like a synthesis or coalescence, or composite dimensionality, the collapsed constant of Horizon being ultimate. It's real alright, but probably not there, probably never was there, in either the space or time of the level of life zone Stephen Hawking referred to as continuous without end, therefore an infinity of Flatland level if only life remains in, on, that level of "Many Worlds" or "many universes" as I have it.

I'm not saying you're looking at less. I'm trying to tell you, the general 'you", that is, that you may be -- just might be -- observing far more than you think you are witnessing through the eye pieces of your scopes, and so might the Webb and Hubble, and others, be picking up on. A far greater dimensionality than any but a few might actually see from the picture.

I will go further; try to put it together more, elsewhere.

 

[rod]

I'm not disputing a thing you have to say, Rod. I don't understand half what you say but I do follow you along on the forum, because you study what is in front of you, even if what you see isn't what is there at that distance and may never have been there at that distance but comes from somewhere else, like a synthesis or coalescence, or composite dimensionality, the collapsed constant of Horizon being ultimate. It's real alright, but probably not there, probably never was there, in either the space or time of the level of life zone Stephen Hawking referred to as continuous without end, therefore an infinity of Flatland level if only life remains in, on, that level of "Many Worlds" or "many universes" as I have it.

I'm not saying you're looking at less. I'm trying to tell you, the general 'you", that is, that you may be -- just might be -- observing far more than you think you are witnessing through the eye pieces of your scopes, and so might the Webb and Hubble, and others, be picking up on. A far greater dimensionality than any but a few might actually see from the picture.

I will go further; try to put it together more, elsewhere.

"...even if what you see isn't what is there at that distance and may never have been there at that distance but comes from somewhere else..."

Atlan0101, knowing the distance to an object in astronomy is a real issue and part of the science. An incorrect distance or unknowable distance can cause headaches Here is the link for the GN20 paper used, https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.13529.pdf, it is a 7-page PDF report. I found 14 references to *arcsec* used. Without knowing distances, such angular measurements in the paper, IMO is showing nothing at all but likely incorrect values and measurements for sizes, masses, energy levels, etc. Using arcsec measurements is critical to astronomy. If there is some other dimensions or multiverse surrounding those arcsec values, science remains to show this IMO. GN20 is a good paper I feel but some aspects like the original size of the universe when GN20 appears and where GN20 is today using the comoving radial distance, is not something observable directly like seeing the Galilean moons move around Jupiter.