We see these upshoots today. But, how about billions of years ago? Could these be a result of the decimation of Mars atmosphere much earlier?
Virginia Tech geophysicists analyzed the jarosite mineral detected by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity. Rather than proving that Mars once provided a warm, wet environment conducive for the origin and proliferation of life, the discovery instead demonstrates that liquid water only briefly existed on Mars, in limited amounts, and under chemical conditions toxic for life’s origin and survival. Moreover, they demonstrated that the survival to the present time of jarosite on Mars, in combination with residual basalt, proves that Mars has remained extremely arid since the time of the formation of Martian jarosite. The team’s analysis adds to the weight of evidence that Mars is far more inhospitable for life than previously thought and Earth is much more exquisitely fine-tuned for life than previously thought.
[M. E. Elwood Madden, R. J. Bodnar, and J. D. Rimstidt, “Jarosite as an Indicator of Water-Limited Chemical Weathering on Mars,” Nature 431 (2004): 821-23.
https://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v431/n7010/abs/nature02971_fs.html
Thinking of magnetic fields, Mars’ dynamo shut down 4.0–4.1 billion years ago and has never restarted since then. [Robert J. Lillis et al., “Time History of the Martian Dynamo from Crater Magnetic Field Analysis,” Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 118, no. 7 (July 2013): 1488–1511, doi:10.1002/jgre.20105; G. Schubert, C. T. Russell, and W. B. Moore, “Timing of the Martian Dynamo,” Nature 408 (December 7, 2000): 666–67, doi:10.1038.35047163.] Furthermore, the lower a planet’s atmospheric pressure, the more rapid its rate of water loss and the greater its radiation dose at the planet’s surface. While the shutdown of Mars’ dynamo might not have been immediately detrimental to possible life, the long-term effects of the dynamo shutdown would have been permanently catastrophic and would guarantee the loss of vitually all of Mars’s surface water, early on.
Good discovery and innovative thinking. I’m just not convinced the dust towers are the main mode of Mars water exit.