Negative Mass exists, Newton's Laws opposite

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In the everyday world, when an object is pushed, it accelerates in the same direction as the force applied to it; this relationship is described by Isaac Newton's Second Law of Motion. But in theory, matter can have negative mass in the same sense that an electric charge can be positive or negative. Despite being completely inconsistent with a common-sense approach and the expected behavior of "normal" matter, negative mass is completely mathematically consistent and introduces no violation of conservation of momentum or energy. Bondi pointed out that negative mass is not contradictory to General Relativity (Rev. Mod. Phys., 1957). Yet surprisingly enough, there is nothing in physics that rules out things having a negative mass, or time moving in either direction. Recently there have been two negative mass experiments, both are separate and independent from each other, in which both are presenting the “opposite from Newton’s Laws”.

Negative Mass Exists and is opposite from Newton’s Laws;

Example 1

Physicists have created a fluid with "negative mass", which accelerates towards you when pushed, which is opposite from Newton’s Law, and is stable (1). Colleagues cooled rubidium atoms to just above the temperature of absolute zero (close to -273C), creating what's known as a Bose-Einstein condensate. In this state, particles move extremely slowly, and follow behavior predicted by quantum mechanics, acting like waves. To create the conditions for negative mass, the researchers used lasers to trap the rubidium atoms and to kick them back and forth, changing the way they spin. When the atoms were released from the laser trap, they expanded, with some displaying negative mass. "With negative mass, if you push something, it accelerates toward you," said co-author Michael Forbes, assistant professor of physics at WSU. "What's a first here is the exquisite control we have over the nature of this negative mass, without any other complications," said Dr Forbes. This heightened control also gives researchers a tool for exploring the possible relationships between negative mass and phenomena observed in the cosmos, such as neutron stars, black holes and dark energy.

Example 2

The experiment was conducted in zero-temperature super fluids, which are a strange type of fluid that flow with no resistance at all at temperatures close to absolute zero (2). Under those conditions, Nicolis and his team reported seeing phonons' trajectories bend upwards, seemingly in opposition to the effect of gravity. "In a gravitational field phonons slowly accelerate in the opposite direction that you would expect, say, a brick to fall," one of the team, Rafael Krichevsky. In 2018, however, Riccardo Penco at Carnegie Mellon University and Niciolis and made an astonishing discovery when observing particle-like sound waves (called phonons) propagating through superfluid helium, cooled close to absolute zero. They found that the phonons moved in upward trajectories, against gravity. Contrary to classical models of sound waves, this implied that the phonons were coupled to gravity, allowing them to carry minuscule amounts of “negative effective gravitational mass” as they travelled (4),

Example 3

Neutrons Defy Classical Physics in Astonishing Experiment - Quantum theory allows particles to exist in superposition states, defying classical realism. The Leggett-Garg inequality tests this by comparing quantum behavior against classical expectations. Recent neutron beam experiments at TU, Wien confirmed that particles do violate this inequality, reinforcing the validity of quantum theory over classical explanations. In 1985, a way of measuring this was proposed: the so-called “Leggett-Garg inequality.” Any theory that describes our world without the strange superposition states of quantum theory must obey this inequality. Quantum theory, on the other hand, violates it. Measurements with neutrons testing this “Leggett-Garg inequality” have now been carried out for the first time at TU Wien – with a clear result: the Leggett-Garg inequality is violated, classical explanations are not possible, quantum theory wins. The results have now been published in the journal Physical Review Letters (5).


So my first thought is if the fabric of space is intertwined with energy and time as Einstein’s GR says, and we can establish that negative energy can exist without disappearing, as other energy waves/particles may not be stable enough to exist in our universe and thus disappear after microseconds. So we see a stable negative mass object, and if negative mass is opposite to the rules of “normal” matter/Newton’s Laws, then can time flow in both directions? Since time would move the opposite (backwards) direction that time would flow from positive matter (forward). Is this possible?

Time runs both ways;

(3) But a few years ago, we experimentally proved the laws of physics are different depending on which direction time runs. Here's how we know.

The second reason is that we live in a Universe where there's more matter than antimatter, but the laws of physics we know are completely symmetric between matter and antimatter. Digging through nearly 10 years of data from billions of particle collisions, researchers found that certain particle types change into one another much more often in one way than they do in the other, a violation of time reversal symmetry and confirmation that some subatomic processes have a preferred direction of time. Lead researcher Dr. Gordey Lesovik, who heads the Laboratory of the Physics of Quantum Information at the MIPT, said: “We have artificially created a state that evolves in a direction opposite to that of the thermodynamic arrow of time.”

In our everyday experiences, clocks never run backwards; scrambled eggs never un-cook and unscramble themselves; shattered glass never spontaneously reassembles itself. But if you were to look at the laws of physics that govern the way the Universe works ⁠— from Newton's laws of motion down to the quantum physics of subatomic particles ⁠— you'd find something peculiar and unexpected: the rules are exactly the same whether time runs forwards or backwards.

Based on this information it is plausible that positive mass follows Newton’s Laws, and Negative mass follow the rules/laws “reversed” and time can flow in both directions since classical explanations are not possible, and quantum theory/superposition wins. Should we explore this possibility? Thoughts?



If the absolute value of positive mass is bigger than that of negative mass, they will meet within finite time(attractive effect). Could this be black holes, and could they grow larger by the negative mass it collects? Is the reason some black holes have the arch going up opposite of the secretion disk, having to do with negative mass as shown create/moved in upward trajectories, against gravity?

1 Physicists observe 'negative mass' - BBC News

2 Researchers suggest phonons may have mass and perhaps negative gravity

3 No, The Laws Of Physics Are Not The Same Forwards And Backwards In Time

4 Sound carries mass | Nature Reviews Physics

5 Mind-Bending Discovery: Neutrons Defy Classical Physics in Astonishing Experiment
 
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All of the above examples exist only at the quantum level, they do not appear in the macro world.
So the arch from black holes extending up and opposite of the secretion disk is showing upward trajectories (opposite of gravity which is downward) similar to what negative mass does, against gravity under micro conditions? Is this not an example, since classic physics tells us that gravity causes downward trajectories?
 
The jets escaping from the poles of a Black Hole are spewed out of the accretion area, not from inside the event horizon. They are propelled by immense pressures caused by the BH gravity field and magnetic fields compressing plasma into the area just outside the event horizon. This gas is held in place by intense magnetic field lines across which a plasma cannot move. There are only two escape hatches, one at each pole. This is because the magnetic field lines are parallel to the escaping plasma velocity vector. There is no need to invoke "negative mass" which does not exist

Yes, negative mass is not forbidden by the model but lots of things can solve an equation but have no real world presence. For example, the area of a square is x^2. But a negative number will also solve the equation. There is no such thing as negative area in the real world.
 
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The jets escaping from the poles of a Black Hole are spewed out of the accretion area, not from inside the event horizon. They are propelled by immense pressures caused by the BH gravity field and magnetic fields compressing plasma into the area just outside the event horizon. This gas is held in place by intense magnetic field lines across which a plasma cannot move. There are only two escape hatches, one at each pole. This is because the magnetic field lines are parallel to the escaping plasma velocity vector. There is no need to invoke "negative mass" which does not exist

Yes, negative mass is not forbidden by the model but lots of things can solve an equation but have no real world presence. For example, the area of a square is x^2. But a negative number will also solve the equation. There is no such thing as negative area in the real world.
I wasn't referring to the jets escaping, I was referring to the shape/structure of some black holes with the ring of the black hole arched upward above the accretion disk. Gravity as we know it. should have a downward trajectory and that gravity should pull down and fall, so how are we seeing the structure of a black hole curve upwards which is opposite of gravity as we know it? Does this not show that gravity is behaving opposite of what we know it to be through this observation?
 
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The Black Hole is spherical. The accretion disc is a flat disc located at the BH equator. The accretion disc is not part of the BH, it lies outside the event horizon. A BH along with its associated accretion disc looks like Saturn, a ball with a disc.
 
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The Black Hole is spherical. The accretion disc is a flat disc located at the BH equator. The accretion disc is not part of the BH, it lies outside the event horizon. A BH along with its associated accretion disc looks like Saturn, a ball with a disc.
I appreciate your response and I understand what you are saying. I am not understanding how the arch of rings on a black hole can have an upwards trajectory when gravity only has a downward trajectory based on gravity as we know it. Shouldn't the laws of gravity as we know them say that the ring/particles should be pulled down as gravity says, and instead we see it having an upward trajectory which is opposite? Isn't this an example of gravity working the wrong way?
 
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In the volume just outside the event horizon:
- Gravity pulls everything towards the center of the sphere.
- Magnetic fields compress everything (except at the poles).
- Gas pressure due to heat pushes upward and outward everywhere.

Gravity and magnetism win everywhere except at the poles.
 
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In the volume just outside the event horizon:
- Gravity pulls everything towards the center of the sphere.
- Magnetic fields compress everything (except at the poles).
- Gas pressure due to heat pushes upward and outward everywhere.

Gravity and magnetism win everywhere except at the poles.

Please view the simulated photograph from James Webb link above, it shows the arch extending upwards violating gravity rules as gravity should be pulled down and not up? Why would the rings be arched up above the black hole? Isn't this gravity affects, and why would the rings go up in trajectory?
 
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...the shape/structure of some black holes with the ring of the black hole arched upward above the accretion disk....
You see a flat disk that is not perpendicular to our line of sight. The disk would appear to have an elliptical or "arched" shape. Then the "disk" is not a solid disk but might have verifying density. The arc is in fact a brighter part of the disk.

Also EVERYTHING you can see is OUTSIDE of the black hole
 
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You see a flat disk that is not perpendicular to our line of sight. The disk would appear to have an elliptical or "arched" shape. Then the "disk" is not a solid disk but might have verifying density. The arc is in fact a brighter part of the disk.

Also EVERYTHING you can see is OUTSIDE of the black hole
Okay, but wouldn't everything outside the black hole still follow the laws of gravity? Obviously photons are given off to show the ring structure is having an upward trajectory instead of a down trajectory as understood by gravity? I appreciate your point of view.
 
I don’t believe we have negative and positive electric fields. All electric fields push out. BUT as they shine out, they also move sideways.

As the electron field moves out, it moves left. As the proton field moves out, it moves right.

We have left handed and right handed polarities, not plus and minus polarities.

Left handed and right handed energy. But it’s all positive energy…...and….. positive mass and matter.

This is fundamental handedness…..a right handed field has a N mag pole leading it. And a left handed field has a S M pole leading it. All handedness comes from this. It’s a simple concept. And ignored by all. Think of it in this manner, all E fields shine on you. The M field with it is perpendicular to you. If the E field is Left, the M field will have a direction. If the E field is right, that M field will reverse that directions. It’s that simple. And this is what gives matter a “fit”. And a NOT “fit”. A digital property, fit, not fit. Also a superposition property. Superposition, NOT superposition.

All charge particles also have a magnetic charge. But unlike e, which is the electric charge and constant, the M charge is variable. The amount of M charge is the…...mass of the particle. The inertia of the charge particle. Mass is a property, not an amount. Matter has the amount and that is e, a constant amount. Matter is constant, inertia is variable. Inertia is an acceleration of a constant amount.

Electrical polarity is handedness. And a M field is always present with a E field.

Structure can ratio these bi-fields. Some structures can align the electric and dissociate the M. Some can align the M and dissociate the electric. Some can add the E and the M in phase(parallel) and some can align them out of phase, anti-parallel.

Structure determines the “fit” or pairing of the E and the M fields.

Structure is the missing entity for our matter models. And the acceleration from that structure gives all our physical properties we study.

And e is that self accelerating, self powered structure. e is the only substance there is. Only the field of e is variable, not the substance. The density, the energy, of the field is varied with e structure. Not e amount.

A charge particle is a dumb device, it only reacts and uses NO information. And it’s the only physical entity there is. All matter comes from this dumbness. Matter is dumb. Dead. No purpose no info. It just is.

Life is super nature. Not matter nature. Matter is just a dumb husk for life. Life is more than just the husk of it. It’s more than zero sum. A sum that can’t be measured. Super nature.

Life has choice, the matter in this cosmos doesn’t. And it is confusing the devil out of us.
 
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I read the experiments created "artificial" conditions to get their results; they worked at almost absolute zero, which as I understand it, is way cooler than anywhere in the universe; absolute zero is not obtainable without serious manipulation, so I don't see the benefits - one reason I'm not a physicist.
As for BHs, it's worth repeating that they are invisible, impossible to view directly under any circumstances; that "picture" of one that was posted above is originally stored as simply 0s and 1s, and there's an impressive amount of manipulation between the data and the image we see; there are some direct images of BH's effects, and many artist's renderings, and even in the direct image all that you see is not the BH, it's the energy surrounding it.
The inside of a BH is an unknowable detail.
 
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In the everyday world, when an object is pushed, it accelerates in the same direction as the force applied to it; this relationship is described by Isaac Newton's Second Law of Motion. But in theory, matter can have negative mass in the same sense that an electric charge can be positive or negative. Despite being completely inconsistent with a common-sense approach and the expected behavior of "normal" matter, negative mass is completely mathematically consistent and introduces no violation of conservation of momentum or energy. Bondi pointed out that negative mass is not contradictory to General Relativity (Rev. Mod. Phys., 1957). Yet surprisingly enough, there is nothing in physics that rules out things having a negative mass, or time moving in either direction. Recently there have been two negative mass experiments, both are separate and independent from each other, in which both are presenting the “opposite from Newton’s Laws”.

Negative Mass Exists and is opposite from Newton’s Laws;

Example 1

Physicists have created a fluid with "negative mass", which accelerates towards you when pushed, which is opposite from Newton’s Law, and is stable (1). Colleagues cooled rubidium atoms to just above the temperature of absolute zero (close to -273C), creating what's known as a Bose-Einstein condensate. In this state, particles move extremely slowly, and follow behavior predicted by quantum mechanics, acting like waves. To create the conditions for negative mass, the researchers used lasers to trap the rubidium atoms and to kick them back and forth, changing the way they spin. When the atoms were released from the laser trap, they expanded, with some displaying negative mass. "With negative mass, if you push something, it accelerates toward you," said co-author Michael Forbes, assistant professor of physics at WSU. "What's a first here is the exquisite control we have over the nature of this negative mass, without any other complications," said Dr Forbes. This heightened control also gives researchers a tool for exploring the possible relationships between negative mass and phenomena observed in the cosmos, such as neutron stars, black holes and dark energy.

Example 2

The experiment was conducted in zero-temperature super fluids, which are a strange type of fluid that flow with no resistance at all at temperatures close to absolute zero (2). Under those conditions, Nicolis and his team reported seeing phonons' trajectories bend upwards, seemingly in opposition to the effect of gravity. "In a gravitational field phonons slowly accelerate in the opposite direction that you would expect, say, a brick to fall," one of the team, Rafael Krichevsky. In 2018, however, Riccardo Penco at Carnegie Mellon University and Niciolis and made an astonishing discovery when observing particle-like sound waves (called phonons) propagating through superfluid helium, cooled close to absolute zero. They found that the phonons moved in upward trajectories, against gravity. Contrary to classical models of sound waves, this implied that the phonons were coupled to gravity, allowing them to carry minuscule amounts of “negative effective gravitational mass” as they travelled (4),

Example 3

Neutrons Defy Classical Physics in Astonishing Experiment - Quantum theory allows particles to exist in superposition states, defying classical realism. The Leggett-Garg inequality tests this by comparing quantum behavior against classical expectations. Recent neutron beam experiments at TU, Wien confirmed that particles do violate this inequality, reinforcing the validity of quantum theory over classical explanations. In 1985, a way of measuring this was proposed: the so-called “Leggett-Garg inequality.” Any theory that describes our world without the strange superposition states of quantum theory must obey this inequality. Quantum theory, on the other hand, violates it. Measurements with neutrons testing this “Leggett-Garg inequality” have now been carried out for the first time at TU Wien – with a clear result: the Leggett-Garg inequality is violated, classical explanations are not possible, quantum theory wins. The results have now been published in the journal Physical Review Letters (5).


So my first thought is if the fabric of space is intertwined with energy and time as Einstein’s GR says, and we can establish that negative energy can exist without disappearing, as other energy waves/particles may not be stable enough to exist in our universe and thus disappear after microseconds. So we see a stable negative mass object, and if negative mass is opposite to the rules of “normal” matter/Newton’s Laws, then can time flow in both directions? Since time would move the opposite (backwards) direction that time would flow from positive matter (forward). Is this possible?

Time runs both ways;

(3) But a few years ago, we experimentally proved the laws of physics are different depending on which direction time runs. Here's how we know.

The second reason is that we live in a Universe where there's more matter than antimatter, but the laws of physics we know are completely symmetric between matter and antimatter. Digging through nearly 10 years of data from billions of particle collisions, researchers found that certain particle types change into one another much more often in one way than they do in the other, a violation of time reversal symmetry and confirmation that some subatomic processes have a preferred direction of time. Lead researcher Dr. Gordey Lesovik, who heads the Laboratory of the Physics of Quantum Information at the MIPT, said: “We have artificially created a state that evolves in a direction opposite to that of the thermodynamic arrow of time.”

In our everyday experiences, clocks never run backwards; scrambled eggs never un-cook and unscramble themselves; shattered glass never spontaneously reassembles itself. But if you were to look at the laws of physics that govern the way the Universe works ⁠— from Newton's laws of motion down to the quantum physics of subatomic particles ⁠— you'd find something peculiar and unexpected: the rules are exactly the same whether time runs forwards or backwards.

Based on this information it is plausible that positive mass follows Newton’s Laws, and Negative mass follow the rules/laws “reversed” and time can flow in both directions since classical explanations are not possible, and quantum theory/superposition wins. Should we explore this possibility? Thoughts?



If the absolute value of positive mass is bigger than that of negative mass, they will meet within finite time(attractive effect). Could this be black holes, and could they grow larger by the negative mass it collects? Is the reason some black holes have the arch going up opposite of the secretion disk, having to do with negative mass as shown create/moved in upward trajectories, against gravity?

1 Physicists observe 'negative mass' - BBC News

2 Researchers suggest phonons may have mass and perhaps negative gravity

3 No, The Laws Of Physics Are Not The Same Forwards And Backwards In Time

4 Sound carries mass | Nature Reviews Physics

5 Mind-Bending Discovery: Neutrons Defy Classical Physics in Astonishing Experiment
This is all very interesting but the experiment was done under conditions that even Newton would not have imagined. I think that Newtonian physics and quantum physics are two separate disciplines and should be kept that way.
 
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A phonon — a particle-like unit of vibration that can describe sound at very small scales — has a very slight negative mass, and that means sound waves travel upward ever so slightly, said Rafael Krichevsky, a graduate student in physics at Columbia University.
So another example that negative mass exists and has opposite affects than gravities rules as we know them.


There's no special fluid, just measured at negative mass.


A look into the possibility of negative mass

 
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So the arch from black holes extending up and opposite of the secretion disk is showing upward trajectories (opposite of gravity which is downward) similar to what negative mass does, against gravity under micro conditions? Is this not an example, since classic physics tells us that gravity causes downward trajectories?
How can negative mass exist anywhere near a black hole?
 
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How can negative mass exist anywhere near a black hole?
"If you ask yourself the question, 'Where in the later universe do we see gravity as strong as it was at the beginning of the universe?' the answer is at the center of black holes," said Gregory Tarlé, professor of physics at the University of Michigan and co-author of the study.

"It's possible that what happened during inflation runs in reverse, the matter of a massive star becomes dark energy again during gravitational collapse—like a little Big Bang played in reverse."

In a new study published in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Tarlé and colleagues from five institutions are strengthening the case for this scenario with recent data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. DESI is made up of 5,000 robotic eyes mounted on the Mayall telescope at the Kitt Peak National Observatory on the land of the Tohono O'odham Nation.

"If black holes contain dark energy, they can couple to and grow with the expanding universe, causing its growth to accelerate" said Kevin Croker, lead author of the team's new study and an assistant research scientist at Arizona State University. "We can't get the details of how this is happening, but we can see evidence that it is happening."

So when force is applied to an object, it is pushed the same direction as the force applied (gravity as we know it here on Earth works in this way). Example: The Earth’s gravity is holding the moon and each year the moon drifts further from the Earth, so the force is pushing the moon away while gravity holds it in place. So exactly how does a black hole attract mass/galaxies if it’s force is pushing matter away in our normal gravity?

When a black hole applies force and is pushing against normal matter/galaxies, if it were normal matter it would push it away and that’s not what happens to black holes as “we can see evidence that it is happening”. So if black holes are applying the opposite force than normal gravity meaning it’s force pushes against matter and matter is pulled/attracted to it, then one can deduce that a black hole must be negative mass/energy creating the opposite effect of gravity. We know that the only thing in the universe to work opposite of gravity is negative mass. We created negative mass in the lab twice and is stable and has the opposite properties of normal gravity. We have one example in our world which is sound waves have been measured to have negative mass as this is a fact. If sound waves are 10x3, than what is the possibility that even smaller microwaves and gamma waves could also have negative mass? Could this be the evidence that stars collapse into neutrino stars, and these micro and gamma waves are filled with negative mass creating dark energy? Gamma rays are the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation. They are emitted during violent events such as exploding stars, atomic bomb detonations, and gamma-ray bursts from space.

What we do know is there is evidence to show that black holes and neutrino stars both could have negative mass causes gravities opposite effects, as shown.

Data from the first year of DESI's planned five-year survey shows tantalizing evidence that the density of dark energy increased in time. This provides a compelling clue supporting this idea of what dark energy is, the researchers said, because that increase in time agrees with how the amount and mass of black holes increased in time.

Study links black holes to dark energy

So we now have 3 examples of negative mass measured (twice in cold fluid and once measuring sound waves, and opposite to normal gravities affects. Gravity holds normal matter together and anti-gravity takes matter apart, which is exactly what black holes do.
 
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"If you ask yourself the question, 'Where in the later universe do we see gravity as strong as it was at the beginning of the universe?' the answer is at the center of black holes," said Gregory Tarlé, professor of physics at the University of Michigan and co-author of the study.

"It's possible that what happened during inflation runs in reverse, the matter of a massive star becomes dark energy again during gravitational collapse—like a little Big Bang played in reverse."

In a new study published in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Tarlé and colleagues from five institutions are strengthening the case for this scenario with recent data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. DESI is made up of 5,000 robotic eyes mounted on the Mayall telescope at the Kitt Peak National Observatory on the land of the Tohono O'odham Nation.

"If black holes contain dark energy, they can couple to and grow with the expanding universe, causing its growth to accelerate" said Kevin Croker, lead author of the team's new study and an assistant research scientist at Arizona State University. "We can't get the details of how this is happening, but we can see evidence that it is happening."

So when force is applied to an object, it is pushed the same direction as the force applied (gravity as we know it here on Earth works in this way). Example: The Earth’s gravity is holding the moon and each year the moon drifts further from the Earth, so the force is pushing the moon away while gravity holds it in place. So exactly how does a black hole attract mass/galaxies if it’s force is pushing matter away in our normal gravity?

When a black hole applies force and is pushing against normal matter/galaxies, if it were normal matter it would push it away and that’s not what happens to black holes as “we can see evidence that it is happening”. So if black holes are applying the opposite force than normal gravity meaning it’s force pushes against matter and matter is pulled/attracted to it, then one can deduce that a black hole must be negative mass/energy creating the opposite effect of gravity. We know that the only thing in the universe to work opposite of gravity is negative mass. We created negative mass in the lab twice and is stable and has the opposite properties of normal gravity. We have one example in our world which is sound waves have been measured to have negative mass as this is a fact. If sound waves are 10x3, than what is the possibility that even smaller microwaves and gamma waves could also have negative mass? Could this be the evidence that stars collapse into neutrino stars, and these micro and gamma waves are filled with negative mass creating dark energy? Gamma rays are the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation. They are emitted during violent events such as exploding stars, atomic bomb detonations, and gamma-ray bursts from space.

What we do know is there is evidence to show that black holes and neutrino stars both could have negative mass causes gravities opposite effects, as shown.

Data from the first year of DESI's planned five-year survey shows tantalizing evidence that the density of dark energy increased in time. This provides a compelling clue supporting this idea of what dark energy is, the researchers said, because that increase in time agrees with how the amount and mass of black holes increased in time.

Study links black holes to dark energy

So we now have 3 examples of negative mass measured (twice in cold fluid and once measuring sound waves, and opposite to normal gravities affects.
Let me put this simply. Negative mass would be repelled by a black hole (or any other gravitational field).
 
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Let me put this simply. Negative mass would be repelled by a black hole (or any other gravitational field).
Not if the black hole itself is made up of negative mass, as Tarlé and colleagues from five institutions are strengthening the case for this scenario with recent data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. With negative mass gravity is opposite, meaning instead of gravity holding matter together, anti-matter tears it apart. Is that not what a black hole does as you know it?

"If black holes contain dark energy, they can couple to and grow with the expanding universe, causing its growth to accelerate" said Kevin Croker, lead author of the team's new study and an assistant research scientist at Arizona State University. "We can't get the details of how this is happening, but we can see evidence that it is happening."

Evidence from five institutions....
"The two phenomena were consistent with each other—as new black holes were made in the deaths of massive stars, the amount of dark energy in the universe increased in the right way," said Duncan Farrah, associate professor of physics at the University of Hawai'i and co-author of the study. "This makes it more plausible that black holes are the source of dark energy."

The only energy to have opposite affects from "Normal" gravity comes from negative mass (which has been proven 3 separate times, twice in super cold fluid and once with sound waves that instead of having a downward trajectory as gravity requires, it has an upward trajectory).

So negative mass exists in our natural universe in sound waves everywhere, and has the opposite effects than "normal" gravity. I wouldn't be surprised to find that microwaves and gamma rays are also having negative mass, as this is what happens when stars collapse and become neutron stars.

 
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For gravity, wouldn't one need a negative space for negative gravity? And what would happen to EM in a negative space? Does it fly backwards?

Does negative space shrink?
Apparently when they were testing negative mass in super cold solution, the negative mass particles were lined up one by one, and when force was exerted instead of following Newton's Laws of motion, it went opposite. So pushing the negative mass made it pulled back towards the motion of force, which is opposite of gravity. There were no notes about having negative space, and the test was done several times. The rules of electromagnetism would still apply and like "normal" gravity, I would assume it would work in reverse, same as gravity, same as time, same as electromagnetism since the math works both ways. Would have been interesting if they could have measured the field, but I suspect that our gravity and electromagnetism interfere with taking readings.

Excellent question. Several in the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument staff believe that the dark energy/negative mass is what defines our universe shrinking or expanding based on their measurements.

My thoughts would be that when black holes are tearing apart more matter and stars collapsing than matter is created, then the universe is shrinking. I also think that black holes collect the negative mass making them bigger, others get annihilated through collisions, and only when there is enough negative mass can a black hole be created.
 
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Showing sound phonons moving against gravity is no different that showing a helium balloon going up.
Difference is a gas is causing the balloon to rise. Sound has negative mass (proven) and has an upwards trajectory opposite of normal gravity. The link to support this was posted in this discussion earlier.
 
Difference is a gas is causing the balloon to rise. Sound has negative mass (proven) and has an upwards trajectory opposite of normal gravity. The link to support this was posted in this discussion earlier.
Except sound is not a "thing". A phonon is not a particle. If it was, we could buy them at the curb store to carry our books for us. But we can't.

I don't do "links". Explain it here in your own words so I can understand it.
 
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