<blockquote><font class="small">In reply to:</font><hr /><p>Since Mercury and Venus orbit the sun inside the Earths orbit, they are never visible at Midnight.<br /><br />However, all of the other planets (Mars, Jupiter, Saturn) are visible at Midnight, but only for part of the year.<br /><br />I suggest you ponder these comments until you understand them fully. You won't need a telescope for this one. <p><hr /></p></p></blockquote><br /><br />Flip side of that: only Mercury and Venus will show obvious phases when you look at them in a telescope. The others will all appear as disks. At most, you might see them look slightly gibbous.<br /><br />Mercury and Venus are sometimes called "inferior planets" and Mars-Pluto are sometimes called "superior planets". This has nothing to do with size and everything to do with location. Mercury and Venus are closer to the Sun than Earth, so they're "inferior", and ones further out are "superior". It's only relevant in terms of trying to observe them from Earth, because it tells you where they will be in the sky and how they will seem to behave over the course of a year.<br /><br />An interesting exercise (and one which doesn't require a telescope) is to map the visible planets in the night sky. Print out a whole-sky star map (one which shows black stars on a white background, preferably). Then, on the next clear night, mark where you see each of the planets. Or just pick one or two; that's fine too. Repeat the procedure a few nights later. Keep doing this for a few weeks and notice how their positions change relative to the background stars. If you keep it up, you'll start to notice something odd -- retrograde motion. The planets will describe a pattern called an epicycle, where they will move across the sky, then slow down, then start moving in the opposite direction for a while. Then they'll slow down again and go forwards for a while, speeding up. This is due to the relative motion between the Earth and whatever planet you're observing <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <p> </p><p><font color="#666699"><em>"People assume that time is a strict progression of cause to effect, but actually from a non-linear, non-subjective viewpoint it's more like a big ball of wibbly wobbly . . . timey wimey . . . stuff."</em> -- The Tenth Doctor, "Blink"</font></p> </div>