Please help me understand the need for Dark Energy and Dark Matter

[amateur astronomer Jeff]

Please help me understand the need for ‘Dark Energy and Dark Matter’

I raise the question of the need for ‘dark energy’ to describe the rate of universal expansion. As we look deeper and deeper into space (looking into the past) it has been stated that the galaxies we see are moving apart at a faster rate. From a novice’s point of view this only makes sense. That we would see faster motion because we are looking back in time. If one believes in the Big Bang theory, the expansion would have been much faster at the beginning and slowed over time. Therefore, as we observe galaxies closer and closer to our own time this motion would appear to slow down to what we observe for the local group of galaxies.

I also question the need for ‘dark mater’ to describe the rate of universal expansion. Would not, the following account for the mass discrepancy which has led to the use of these placeholder names for the imaged Dark Mater and Dark Energy?

• ROGUES - The realm of rogues can be dizzying. Moons become ploonets. Failed stars become planets. Interstellar asteroids behave like comets. Black holes give rise to blanets. And astronomers believe there may be as many planets floating between stars as stars in our galaxy - or stars drifting between galaxies as galaxies in the universe. As telescopes peer ever more keenly into space, the cast of characters promises to grow richer, upending the story of our solar system, our galaxy, and the farthest reaches of the cosmos. Astronomers said on July 6, 2021, that they’ve used data from the Kepler planet-hunter to find a new crop of rogue planets. They are free-floating planets, unconnected to any star. Like children shoved from a schoolyard by a bigger bully, these rogues might have been ejected from their own star systems by interactions with larger planets. Astronomers used gravitational microlensing to find these lonely planets, amongst a sea of stars, located toward the center of our Milky Way galaxy.
• STELLAR-MASS BLACK HOLES - November 2, 2022 - Scientists say there are likely millions of stellar-mass black holes in our galaxy. Finding them, however, is difficult, and only a few have been confirmed.
  These would likely be dormant stellar-mass black holes. Most recent example - Gaia BH1 which is approximately 10 times more massive than our sun, making it a stellar-mass black hole.
• INTERSTELLAR PLASMA - Voyager 1 has detected a faint, monotonous hum from plasma (ionized gas) in interstellar space. The low-level hum let scientists track how interstellar plasma is distributed in the space through which Voyager 1 is passing.

The above and many more as of yet unobservable things could easily account for the mass discrepancies. In addition, I would question the methods of measurement before inventing things to match measurements that don’t agree with our current understandings.

 

[Gibsense]

IMO
The Dark Energy interpretation results from a misunderstanding of the nature of Time - it is not parallel to all but is orthogonal to our hyperspherical universe
The Dark Matter arises from the shape/curvature of the gravity well compared to the curvature of the universe n-sphere (hypersphere probably)

 

[Harry Costas]

Dark matter and Dark Energy may be understood by understanding that Transient Condensates make up more than 95% of all matter.
The properties of Condensates can explain most formations out there.
Extreme compact core.
Extreme dipolar vortex (JETS)
Extreme gravity influences to surroundings.

 

[Harry Costas]

Understanding dark matter/energy is to understand Condensates.

[Submitted on 24 Mar 2025]

Bound Dark Energy: a particle's origin of dark energy​

Axel de la Macorra, Jose Agustin Lozano Torres

Dark energy, the enigmatic force driving the accelerated cosmic expansion of the universe, is conventionally described as a cosmological constant in the standard ΛCDM model. However, measurements from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) reports a >2.5σ preference for dynamical dark energy, with baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data favoring a time varying equation of state w(z) over the cosmological constant (w=−1). We present the Bound Dark Energy (BDE) model, where dark energy originates from the lightest meson field ϕ in a dark SU(3) gauge sector, emerging dynamically via non perturbative interactions. Governed by an inverse-power-law potential V(ϕ)=Λ4+2/3cϕ−2/3, BDE has no free parameters, one less than ΛCDM and three less than w0waCDM models. Combining the DESI BAO measurements, cosmic microwave background data, and Dark Energy Survey SN Ia distance measurements from the fifth year, BDE achieves a 42% and 37% reduction in the reduced χ2BAO compared to w0waCDM and ΛCDM, respectively, while having an equivalent fit for type Ia supernovae and the cosmic microwave background data. The model predicts a dark energy equation of state transitioning from radiation like w=1/3 at early times (a<ac) to w0=−0.9301±0.0004 at present time. The (w0,wa) contour is 10,000 times smaller in BDE than in w0waCDM model, while having an equivalent cosmological fit. Key parameters the condensation energy scale Λc=43.806±0.19 eV and epoch ac=2.4972±0.011×10−6 align with high-energy physics predictions. These results, consistent with current observational bounds, establish BDE as a predictive framework that unifies particle physics and cosmology, offering a first-principles resolution to dark energy dynamical nature.