Simplest Disproof of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

[Pentcho Valev]

"Catalytic bias refers to the propensity of a catalyst to accelerate differently the forward and backward reaction rates." https://www.pnnl.gov/publications/catalytic-bias-oxidation-reduction-catalysis

If catalytic bias does exist (it does and is even undergoing rapid technological development), this disproves the second law of thermodynamics. Any catalyst should accelerate EQUALLY the forward and backward reaction rates - otherwise the second law of thermodynamics is false:

"In the presence of a catalyst, both the forward and reverse reaction rates will speed up equally, thereby allowing the system to reach equilibrium faster. However, it is very important to keep in mind that the addition of a catalyst has no effect whatsoever on the final equilibrium position of the reaction. It simply gets it there faster...If the addition of catalysts could possibly alter the equilibrium state of the reaction, this would violate the second rule of thermodynamics." https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/the-effect-of-a-catalyst/

"A cycle has therefore been completed for which the net effect has been the isothermal conversion of heat energy into work, and a perpetual motion machine of the second kind has been found. We conclude that the supposed situation is impossible and that the catalyst must accelerate the forward and backward reactions equally." https://dtk.tankonyvtar.hu/bitstream/handle/123456789/8903/B9780120442621500128.pdf

 

[Pentcho Valev]

"Biochemical characterization of CpI and CpII indicated CpI has extremely high hydrogen production activity in comparison to CpII, while CpII has elevated hydrogen oxidation activity in comparison to CpI when assayed under the same conditions. This suggests that these enzymes have evolved a catalytic bias to support their respective physiological functions." https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1371832

Evolution against the second law of thermodynamics? Is there a Great Revolution in Science just around the corner?

 

[Adoni Yannop]

"Catalytic bias refers to the propensity of a catalyst to accelerate differently the forward and backward reaction rates." https://www.pnnl.gov/publications/catalytic-bias-oxidation-reduction-catalysis

If catalytic bias does exist (it does and is even undergoing rapid technological development), this disproves the second law of thermodynamics. Any catalyst should accelerate EQUALLY the forward and backward reaction rates - otherwise the second law of thermodynamics is false:

"In the presence of a catalyst, both the forward and reverse reaction rates will speed up equally, thereby allowing the system to reach equilibrium faster. However, it is very important to keep in mind that the addition of a catalyst has no effect whatsoever on the final equilibrium position of the reaction. It simply gets it there faster...If the addition of catalysts could possibly alter the equilibrium state of the reaction, this would violate the second rule of thermodynamics." https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/the-effect-of-a-catalyst/

"A cycle has therefore been completed for which the net effect has been the isothermal conversion of heat energy into work, and a perpetual motion machine of the second kind has been found. We conclude that the supposed situation is impossible and that the catalyst must accelerate the forward and backward reactions equally." https://dtk.tankonyvtar.hu/bitstream/handle/123456789/8903/B9780120442621500128.pdf

Pentcho Valev ,
I Agree With You That Perpetual Energy Machines Are Impossible!!

Do You Agree With Me That Each Particle Of Matter Is Given As A Tiny Perpetual Gravitational Force Gravitation Energy Machine Since Gravitational Force Is Given As Directly Related To Mass?? Which Means That Mass And Gravitational Force Alone Are Directly Related??

I On The Other Hand Postulate That Gravitational Force Is Directly Related To Mass And The Rate At Which The Matter Particles Of The Mass Heat Up And That As The Matter Particles Heat Up Potential Dark Energy Is Stored Inside The Matter Particles In A Broad Conservation Of Energy Mechanism!!

Anyway, Can We Deduce From The Given History And Future Of Our Sun That As Matter Heats Up Gravitational Force Is Generated And That As Matter Cools The Potential Dark Energy That Was Stored In The Matter Particles As They Heated Up In A Broad Conservation Of Energy Mechanism Is Then Released In The Form Of Dark Energy Given The Following Facts??):

A): Our Sun Formed From The Collapse Of A Molecular Hydrogen-Helium Cloud At 10 Degrees Kelvin!!

B): For The Past 5 Billion Years, Our Sun Has Been Heating Up And Generating Gravity!!

C): Our Sun Will Heat Up By 6% Per Billion Years For The Next 5 Billion Years While Generating Gravity!!

D): In 5 Billion Years); We Are Given That Our Sun Will Start Cooling From 7777 Kelvin To 3000 Kelvin While Net Emitting The Stored Anti-Gravity/Dark Energy Stored Inside The Nucleon, Electron And Neutrino Indestructible Mass-Energy Vessel Permeable Hovering Sacs In The Form Of Compressed GP1 Aether Particles That Were Stored During The 10 Billion Years That Our Sun Heated Up And Generated Gravity Blowing Off Half Its Mass Leaving A White Dwarf Remnant About The Size Of Earth At 200,000 Times Earth Density!!

E): One Proof That As Matter Cools And Net Expels GP1 Aether Particles); Dark Energy Is Released Is The Red Giant Phase Of Our Sun’s Life Cycle And All Red Giant Stars!!

And If We Allow The Universe To Be Infinitely Old): Might The Overdensity Crunching Attractors Generating Both Matter Gravity And Dark Matter Gravity Reach A Point Where Matter Particles And Dark Matter Neutrino Particles Where Those Particles Can't Heat Up Any More Initiating The Transition Of The Overdensity Attractor To A DiPole RePeller Void!!

The Main Point, I'm Trying To Make Is That Overdensity Attractors Eventually Reach A Point Where They Are Longer Able To Crunch And Begin To Expand Until The Overdensity Attractor Transforms To A DiPole RePeller Void Until The Void Can No Longer Cool And Expand!!

At Which Point, The DiPole RePeller Void Begins Back Its Transition To An Overdensity Attractor Over A Quadrillion X A Quadrillion X A Quadrillion X Quadrillion Years!!

Hence): How Our Cosmic Web Will Remain A Cosmic Web In Perpetuity!!

Adoni