> <i><font color="yellow">With all respect to Dr Van Allen - WRONG!</font>/i><br /><br />The trouble is, he is not alone. I believe over the last many years even the Planetary Society has largely been against the high cost of manned exploration. [Which makes their support of the new vision all the more impressive!!]<br /><br /> /> <i><font color="yellow">And if the space program was about nothing but science he would be 100% correct. ... the space program is about developing space projects that lead to a space industry and on to a space civilization.</font>/i><br /><br />I completely agree! However, I am going to play the devil's advocate for a second.<br /><br />The FY2005 manned space budget (excluding new initiatives like SLI and CEV) is $6.7 billion -- this includes shuttle, ISS operations (ISS science is listed separately), and flight support. Since NASA's budget has been relatively static for the last several decades, this gives us about $200 billion spent on manned space exploration since the end of Apollo and Skylab.<br /><br />For that 1/5 of a trillion dollars, what capabilities do we have that we did not have with Apollo & Skylab or that the Russians didn't have with Salyut or Mir?<br /><br />Meanwhile, the Van Allen-type scientists of the world will point out that during the same period and for less money we have gained extensive knowledge and data with the successes the Voyagers, Vikings, Mars Global Surveyor, Cassini, Magellan, Stardust, Mars Odyssey, Mars Exploraration Rovers (MERs), Mars Pathfinder, Galileo, space telescopes (Spitzer, Hubble, Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory, Chandra X-Ray Observatory), ...<br /><br />So at one level, the return on investment for science of the robotic missions have been great, and at another level it is hard to point to how we have advanced in manned space exploration after 30 years and 1/5 of a trillion dollars.<br /><br />We need to do better.</i></i>