My wife and I went to Columbia SC for the 2018 eclipse, choosing to stay away from the coast to minimize the chance of clouds. As the moment of the eclipse approached, we were apprehensive of a lot of small to medium cumulus clouds all over the sky, wondering if they would happen to obscure the sun during the eclipse. What happened was a surprise to us. As the Moon's shadow obscured the sunlight on the clouds, they soon vanished. Apparently, those cumulus clouds are a much more dynamic phenomenon than they appear to be, constantly evaporating at the tops while being replenished by rising moisture at their bottoms. When the heat source (sunlight) causing the moist air to rise was suddenly removed, those clouds did not last anywhere near as long as the eclipse lasted.
Of course, other types of clouds would be more persistent, especially the kinds that last overnight.