Interesting report. The article states:
"Previous work has suggested that just 8 inches (20 centimeters) of ice could likely shield any biomolecules that might exist on Europa from that punishing radiation environment, even in the hardest-hit regions of the moon. The new study, which was published Monday (July 12) in the journal Nature Astronomy, is a bit more pessimistic. In it, researchers modeled how Europa's surface is disturbed by small but frequent impacts — a real issue for a world without a substantial atmosphere to burn up incoming hunks of rock and ice."
Assuming that life is on Europa, how did life evolve there? Apparently abiogenesis. This must hold true for Mars where methane gas is considered to be evidence for life, abiogenesis on Mars too. Earth we know has life here today so abiogenesis is assumed to be the correct answer for how life appeared on Earth (no special creation allowed)
Venus with phosphine in the atmosphere was considered evidence for life (thus another body in the solar system where abiogenesis took place.) However, new reports call this phosphine evidence for life at Venus into question.
New research suggests explosive volcanic activity on Venus,
https://phys.org/news/2021-07-explosive-volcanic-venus.html, "Traces of the gas phosphine point to volcanic activity on Venus, according to new research from Cornell University..."
So what about reports of methane at Enceladus? This could be interpreted as evidence for life at Enceladus, so another body in our solar system where abiogenesis is assumed to be so successful at creating life from non-living matter. Using abiogenesis, we have abiogenesis at Enceladus (possible), Europa, Mars, Earth, and perhaps Venus. 5 different locations for abiogenesis creating life from non-living matter, all right here in our solar system.
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