Putting on my engineer's hat, I will start with the notion that nothing is "perfect" and assuming that something is can easily become the fatal flaw over a multi-generation time period.
There would be no rescue of turning back for a "generational starship". So, it needs to have a very high probability of functioning reliably for a very long time.
High reliability with engineered systems usually requires redundancy and diversity, along with resilience. There needs to be a backup for whatever could fail, and it is best if the backup is not susceptible to the same cause of failure. Plus, systems need to be repairable with available personnel and equipment.
Those concepts are also applicable to societies, but it is not so clear how they can be accomplished with humans and regulations.
On Earth, there is plenty of diversity, redundancy and opportunity for repair, and even replacement. Societies previously have collapsed on Earth, only to be replaced or absorbed by other societies. All of humanity was never in jeopardy of extinction, as far back as we can get information. Perhaps that has now changed, due to the potential for all-out nuclear war. But, collapse of technological society and world order still seems much more probable than the extinction of our whole species. And, with our planet-sized self-regulating habitat, we are in a much better position to recover from a decimation of our population than would be the case for a closed society in an isolated shell that needs engineered equipment to keep functioning without lapse for many generations.
On a limited population space ship isolated from all other populations by distance and time, extinction of the whole ships population seems far more probable. And, the means of preventing that seem far more limited than the means available on Earth.
This exercise seems to be aimed at the sociological aspects of the ship's design, rather than the engineering aspects. That seems necessary, considering that we do not have the capability to design such a ship with today's technology, and cannot know the reliability and resilience, or even that various redundant approaches to creating a viable ship for such a mission. We don't even know of a suitable destination, nor what human survival on a future destination would require.
So, doing it now seems futile and useless, unless the thought experiment helps us with learning how to do better for ourselves here on Earth. Coming to grips with our own self-caused problems. But, would societal measures suitable for such a space ship really be applicable here on Earth for our entire species?
It seems that what we really want to understand better is how human's react to environmental limitations, and now to channel those reactions into constructive behaviors instead of destructive behaviors.
Which reminds me of an interaction long ago, when I was trying to hire for a position on the east coast of the U.S. and got an application from a person then living in Hawaii. I asked the applicant why he would consider leaving Hawaii to live where this job was located. His response was "Hawaii is nice, but it's an island - you would not understand unless you lived where you can get 'island fever'".