extinct stars

[ramparts]

Hi Neil - There is no "black dwarf theory", really. They're expected as an end result of our very well-verified theory of stellar evolution, not some separate "theory" in its own right. This applies to any star - at least, any star that becomes a white dwarf, so K dwarfs, yes, as well as M dwarfs (in a long time!!), G dwarfs, and the other lower-mass stars which don't produce neutron stars. A black dwarf is basically what you get when a white dwarf - the leftover of a low-mass star - has cooled so much that it doesn't emit any light. And yes, this will take a disgusting number of years to happen :lol: