kmarinas86 - There are, as noted by Yevaud, indirect observations.<br /><br />There is also philosophy which often involves study of things that are not observed. You are exploring not only the boundaries of theoretical (vs. actual) science, but also the boundaries between philosophy and science.<br /><br />Imagination has its place in science - provided you keep it in its place!<br /><br />Consider, for example, this invitation to scientific fields of study:<br /><br />(Romans 1:19-20) . . .because what may be known about God is manifest among them, for God made it manifest to them. 20 For his invisible [qualities] are clearly seen from the world’s creation onward, because they are perceived by the things made, even his eternal power and Godship,. . .<br /><br />Now, we cannot see God. Those of my faith, for example, do interact with God through prayer and Bible Study. And many of us also study the sciences (me more than the average) to get to know God's qualities - such as by observing how the mathematical ratios between the 4 basic forces of physics are incredibly fine tuned to allow for the existence of stars and life.<br /><br />Simply, while we cannot see God we learn about God by both Bible study and all of the fields of scientific study.<br /><br />A simple comparison would be learning about extrasolar planets without actually visibly seeing these planets.<br /><br />We nevertheless prove their existence and some of their properties by studying cause and effect. <br /><br />The study of cause and effect, including whether there is a first cause or where informational input originated, etc., are possible through indirect effects - or a chain of causes and effects which can be scientifically studied.<br /><br />For example, how did life originate on earth? Why are many of life's molecules informational rather than merely statistical considering that chance synthesis of relevant to life complex molecules (e.g. polypeptides in protein synthesis) produce statististical rather t