It still follows the Shuttle prime directive, something that can do everything. What purpose is there to taking a CEV to the Moon or Mars? Why can't we have a vehicle that only goes to LEO and returns to the surface? Why can't we then develop other vehicles that leave LEO and enter lunar, Martian or asteroid orbits and another vehicle that lands and takesoff from these locations back to the orbiting vehicle?<br /><br />Optimize each vehicle for what it is tasked to do. A CEV would dock to an orbiting vehicle to transfer payloads, but what good does it do adding it to the mass being taken? A transit vehicle could be extremely simple, it doesn't need any aerodynamic control and could be simple, mass produced Modules. The same Modules could carry creew and passengers as well as cargo and propellants with minor internal modifications and Modules could be interchanged as needed, lets say you want an all cargo vehicle, all passenger vehicle or a combi version, simply connect the desired combination of Modules.<br /><br />The hardest part is getting from the surface to LEO, why make it any harder than it has to be? <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> </div>