<font color="yellow"><br />instead we measure it in a 'coordinate frame of reference' which is like placing an imaginary graph paper in space...</font><br /><br />ok. sure<br /><br /><font color="yellow">...n which we can have one of the ships at rest (be in the rest frame of that ship) and we measure the speed of the other ship as it makes its way across that graph paper, that is, we really measure its speed 'relative to space', not relative to the other ship! </font><br /><br />a hypothetical and absolute void of outer space has no physical structure nor any absolute or actual reference without material objects. it is only by the manner of the material objects within it do we have any sense of motion. in space, there are only coasting objects and accelerating objects. <br /><br />if only one object in all of the universe exists, whether coasting or accelerating, is not moving. in a "god view" of this inplausible idea, no motion of the object can be detected against a background of nothingness. for all purposes it is permanently static unless it accelerates. and against nothing, an acceleration will only be felt and not seen in a "god view" as movement against a backdrop of nothingness. <br /><br />if one object is sitting, and one accelerates past the "resting" object, the one at rest can just as well be coasting past the accelerating object, as it will be seen to move relative to the accelerating object's point of view. a relative speed between the coasting object and the accelerating object can be determined. but this is not absolute, either. another coasting object can come along coasting faster than the "resting" one. <br /><br />now you bring up a good point about coordinates. drawing a graph paper in space of x, y, z coordinates cannot establish an <i>absolute</i> frame of reference either, as another x, y, z coordinate system can be placed right beside the first one, slightly off register from the first x, y, z coordinates. and then another, and an