NASA's Moon Plans Shift into High Gear<br /><br />By Brian Berger<br />Space News Staff Writer<br /><br />WASHINGTON – NASA is set to begin rolling out the results of a landmark space exploration architecture study that calls for building an Apollo-like astronaut capsule and conducting up to six lunar sorties per year using rocket hardware derived from the space shuttle.<br /><br />Sixty days in the making, the Exploration Systems Architecture Study will go a long way toward defining the approach and the hardware NASA will use to return astronauts to the Moon by 2020, and eventually go on to Mars.<br /><br />That hardware includes the so-called Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and the rockets that will be needed to loft both the CEV and huge amounts of cargo that will be needed to establish a sustainable astronaut presence on the lunar surface.<br /><br />Long before being named NASA administrator this spring, Mike Griffin was on the record saying that he thought the United States ought to take maximum advantage of existing space shuttle hardware and infrastructure in building the new launchers.<br /><br />In public speeches, congressional testimony and interviews since being sworn in, Griffin has made clear that he still believes shuttle-derived launchers are the way to go, not just for the really big Moon-bound cargo payloads but also for the CEV, whose destinations are to include lunar orbit and the international space station.<br /><br />And nothing discovered in the course of the Exploration Systems Architecture Study seems to have dampened that belief.<br /><br />“We have studied this as carefully and ecumenically as we know how to do,” Griffin told Space News in a June 27 interview at NASA Headquarters here. “For the purposes of launching the CEV, while we could probably make anything work, clearly the safest, most cost-effective, highest-reliability path that we see is shuttle-derived.”<br /><br />Chicago-based Boeing and Bethesda, Md.-based Lockheed Martin have been pushing var