Space shuttle is a bad concept. You take a HLV, make its engines reusable, stick main engines on a huge space plane (making it all or nothing in capability), and you end up with launching 100 tons in order to launch 7 people and 30 tons of payload. After real flight costs were understood, there were no satellites returned to earth for repair, almost no orbital repair. You launch wings, flaps, hydraulics, landing gear, tons and tons of stuff irrelevant to the subject of launching people (and safely returingn them) and (preferably or) cargo into space.<br /><br />Saddest part is, NASA practically knew and understood Shuttle program had failed. There was "National Space Plane" idea in late '80es, and X-33 concepts and projects throughout the '90es. But NASA had to do with limited money, and had to continue to give barrels of federal money to LokMar and Thiokol.<br /><br />And now NASA tries to rettrun to 1970. and try again. I was first very sad and worried hearing that they'll use SSME for Ares rockets (too damned expensive). Thank god someone had enough brains to choose J-2 and RS-68.<br /><br />IMHO, best option would be for you (USA) to develop a modular launcher like Angara, that can be scaled for various payloads. If i understand correctly, with such a design costs have to drop, since you have to mass produce basic components because all launch vehicles you operate use same basic segments, just in different numbers.