From what I saw in the Deming tapes (back in 1988), Deming's techniques were more applicable to high-volume production. Maybe, someday, there will be enough spaceships produced to warrant that type of technique. When one is talking about building spaceSHIPS (about the same way submarines or aircraft carriers are built, no two exactly alike), quality must be a part of the mindset of the people involved, from design to build. TQM, etc., IS important where you are turning out thousands or millions of identical bolts, nuts, etc., that go into a single spacecraft.<br /><br />So far as companies backing out of Government business due to all the profit-eating paperwork, I recall that back in the 1970's there was a company producing rubber insulation for the Navy's Poseidon missile rocket motor nozzles. When the Navy issued an RFP to the company for a follow-on "buy", this company decided it wasn't profitable to bid on continuing supplying the stuff. The Navy had to qualify a new vendor, which was NOT easy!<br /><br />NASA will have to modify its paperwork requirements to keep contractors that aren't used to bidding Gubmint contracts, but it won't happen overnight. It may very well be that the "Big Two" will dominate this market...for awhile. But even if the government continues putting roadblocks in the way of private companies, commercial enterprise WILL come into the picture. When that happens, NASA will be forced to change its ways...or the person in "the center seat" will be Chinese or Indian or European, or a consortium of them! If you think this won't happen, look at where Boeing's "monopoly" on commercial airliners is today vis-a-vis Airbus!<br /><br />Those who wish to argue against teaching Darwin in schools had better START teaching industrial/commercial Darwinism...survival of the fittest!<br /><br />Ad Luna! Ad Aries! Ad Astra!<br />Trailrider