Space is curved; time rotates at a position away from an observer.
Time runs perpendicular to space and therefore rotates at an increasing distance from an observer. The current practice of assuming time always runs parallel in the universe is an error.
Many posts on this forum allude to space curvature (eg hypersphere and the balloon).
Reading the book 'Sphereland' has prompted me to state the answer above explicitly even though this forum had already 'covered' the issue. So much so ( and Cat will appreciate this), that Cat's favourite analogy to illustrate the expansion of the universe (inflating a balloon) also serves as an analogy to illustrate space curvature (and hence time rotation)
This answer is obvious.
As illustrated in the book Sphereland we 3D people cannot visualise 4D space and therefore time rotation. And, like the King in 'Sphereland', we are ignorant of the curvature reality of the space we live in. The King in Lineland could only sense 'the line' and could not agree/visualise a line curved as this involves an extra dimension to his confinement in a line. Similarly, we cannot visualise (except mathematically) the additional dimension of 4D space.
The Dragon in the room then is the Curvature of the Universe. Some recent research suggests a 5% (?) bias of extra mass indicates the universe is closed and therefore 'curved'. Problem? What problem?
If space is curved; time rotates at a position away from the observer.
Time runs perpendicular to space and therefore rotates at an increasing distance from an observer. The current practice of assuming time always runs parallel in the universe is an error.
Many posts on this forum allude to space curvature (eg hypersphere and the balloon).
Reading the book 'Sphereland' has prompted me to state the answer above explicitly even though this forum had already 'covered' the issue. So much so ( and Cat will appreciate this), that Cat's favourite analogy to illustrate the expansion of the universe (inflating a balloon) also serves as an analogy to illustrate space curvature (and hence time rotation)
This answer is obvious.
As illustrated in the book Sphereland we 3D people cannot visualise 4D space and therefore time rotation. And, like the King in 'Sphereland', we are ignorant of the curvature reality of the space we live in. The King in Lineland could only sense 'the line' and could not agree/visualise a line curved as this involves an extra dimension to his confinement in a line. Similarly, we cannot visualise (except mathematically) the additional dimension of 4D space.
The Dragon in the room then is the Curvature of the Universe. Some recent research suggests a 5% (?) bias of extra mass indicates the universe is closed and therefore 'curved'. Problem? What problem?
If space is curved; time rotates at a position away from the observer.
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