Time Dilation and Spacecrafts

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qso1

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Where do you get the mathematical conversions for the dilation effect on ages? That is...what would the effect be at .75% light speed? <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <p><strong>My borrowed quote for the time being:</strong></p><p><em>There are three kinds of people in life. Those who make it happen, those who watch it happen...and those who do not know what happened.</em></p> </div>
 
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SpeedFreek

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<p><BR/>Replying to:<BR/><DIV CLASS='Discussion_PostQuote'><font color="#3366ff">Where do you get the mathematical conversions for the dilation effect on ages? That is...what would the effect be at .75% light speed?</font> <br /> Posted by qso1</DIV></p><p>The equation used is the Lorentz Contraction: 1 / sqrt( 1 - (v^2/c^2)) </p><p>Here is a simply explained Relativity Calculator whereas this Hyperphysics page contains both the equations used and a calculator for them.</p><p>You asked for the effect at 0.75<strong>%</strong> of light speed (less than 1%), is that what you meant, or did you mean 0.75<em>c</em> or 75% of lightspeed? <img src="http://sitelife.space.com/ver1.0/content/scripts/tinymce/plugins/emotions/images/smiley-wink.gif" border="0" alt="Wink" title="Wink" /> Assuming the latter:</p><p>At 75% of light speed, time is dilated by a factor of 1.5118...., so for every second that passes on a ship travelling at that speed, a little over second and a half would pass "at home".</p><p>A good figure to use for thought experiments is 0.866c or 86.6% of light speed, there the "relativistic change factor" is close to<strong> 2</strong>. So for every second that passes on a ship travelling at that speed, 2 seconds pass "at home". The occupants of a ship travelling at 86.6% of light speed relative to the Earth would age at half the rate that we do on Earth.</p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <p><font color="#ff0000">_______________________________________________<br /></font><font size="2"><em>SpeedFreek</em></font> </p> </div>
 
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qso1

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<p>Thanks for the link and info and I screwed the pooch on the light speed figure...75% light speed was what I was after but you answered that as well, again thanks.&nbsp;</p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <p><strong>My borrowed quote for the time being:</strong></p><p><em>There are three kinds of people in life. Those who make it happen, those who watch it happen...and those who do not know what happened.</em></p> </div>
 
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derekmcd

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<p><BR/>Replying to:<BR/><DIV CLASS='Discussion_PostQuote'>A good figure to use for thought experiments is 0.866c or 86.6% of light speed, there the "relativistic change factor" is close to 2. So for every second that passes on a ship travelling at that speed, 2 seconds pass "at home". The occupants of a ship travelling at 86.6% of light speed relative to the Earth would age at half the rate that we do on Earth. <br /> Posted by SpeedFreek</DIV></p><p>I like to use 99% with a gamma factor of 7.&nbsp; That way I don't have to figure out how long the trip took.&nbsp; If the trip is 10ly distance, at 99%, I can just cheat as say the trip took "just over" 10 years and do my math from there.&nbsp;</p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <div> </div><br /><div><span style="color:#0000ff" class="Apple-style-span">"If something's hard to do, then it's not worth doing." - Homer Simpson</span></div> </div>
 
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qso1

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<p>I actually just finished a graphic novel about a human mission to Alpha Centauri but didn't address the time dilation aspect of near light speed. I did decide that in the initial decades of interstellar flight that the missions would more than likely be one way trips for reasons other than time dilation.</p><p>I chose the 75 percent figure because I do recall that I saw something years ago that said pretty much what speedfreek said. Probably in a book I used for research and 75 percent was well below the threshold where you have to worry much about it...some women, and some guys can still lie about their age, LOL.&nbsp;</p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <p><strong>My borrowed quote for the time being:</strong></p><p><em>There are three kinds of people in life. Those who make it happen, those who watch it happen...and those who do not know what happened.</em></p> </div>
 
K

kg

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<p><BR/>Replying to:<BR/><DIV CLASS='Discussion_PostQuote'>The equation used is the Lorentz Contraction: 1 / sqrt( 1 - (v^2/c^2)) Here is a simply explained Relativity Calculator whereas this Hyperphysics page contains both the equations used and a calculator for them.You asked for the effect at 0.75% of light speed (less than 1%), is that what you meant, or did you mean 0.75c or 75% of lightspeed? Assuming the latter:At 75% of light speed, time is dilated by a factor of 1.5118...., so for every second that passes on a ship travelling at that speed, a little over second and a half would pass "at home".A good figure to use for thought experiments is 0.866c or 86.6% of light speed, there the "relativistic change factor" is close to 2. So for every second that passes on a ship travelling at that speed, 2 seconds pass "at home". The occupants of a ship travelling at 86.6% of light speed relative to the Earth would age at half the rate that we do on Earth. <br />Posted by SpeedFreek</DIV><br /><br />Thanks for the link to the Relativity Calculator!&nbsp; So how does the Relativistic Change Factor relate to the amount of force it takes to increase your speed?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Does it take the same force to go from a&nbsp;Relativistic Change Factor of 1 to 2 (or 0 to 161,325 miles per second) as it does to go from a RCF of 2 to 3 (or 161,325 to 175,628 miles per second)?&nbsp; Or am I just over simplifying things?&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>It seems to me the hardest part&nbsp;about space travel&nbsp;is figuring compounded interest.&nbsp; Don't leave earth with a balance on your credit cards!!</p>
 
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DrRocket

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<p><BR/>Replying to:<BR/><DIV CLASS='Discussion_PostQuote'>Thanks for the link to the Relativity Calculator!&nbsp; So how does the Relativistic Change Factor relate to the amount of force it takes to increase your speed?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Does it take the same force to go from a&nbsp;Relativistic Change Factor of 1 to 2 (or 0 to 161,325 miles per second) as it does to go from a RCF of 2 to 3 (or 161,325 to 175,628 miles per second)?&nbsp; Or am I just over simplifying things?&nbsp;&nbsp;It seems to me the hardest part&nbsp;about space travel&nbsp;is figuring compounded interest.&nbsp; Don't leave earth with a balance on your credit cards!! <br />Posted by kg</DIV></p><p>You are not over-simplifying you are misconstruing.&nbsp; Even in classical mechanics a change in velocity requires an application of force over a period of time.&nbsp; It is not a matter of force alone or of time alone.&nbsp; Force gives an acceleration to a given mass, and after time that acceleration is reflected in a change of speed.&nbsp; Any positive amount of force increases speed, but it takes some time to realize that increase.&nbsp; Special relativity does not talk to acceleration.&nbsp; To talk about acceleration you need the machinery of general relativity.&nbsp; And there one proceeds as in Newton's mechanics and looks at the effect of force in changing momentum, only you need to expand your notion of momentum so as to apply it in a 4-dimensional space-time.</p><p>Don't worry too much about the compound interest.&nbsp; By the time you get back from a long trip at relativistic speeds the debt will have been written off and your accounts will have long ago been appropriated by either&nbsp;the state or your heirs.&nbsp; But if you could avoid that then the key would be to leave a small amount in a savings account.&nbsp; I once did a calculation of what the $26 what was used to buy Manhattan would be worth if it had been put into a savings account at 6% interest on the day of the purchase.&nbsp; If the Indians had done that they could buy Manhattan back, with change.</p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> </div>
 
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SpeedFreek

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<p>I think the link below is pertinent to this topic.</p><p>The Relativistic Rocket </p><p>It explains how to work out how much energy you need to accelerate you at 1<em>g</em>, to a given speed. You might be surprised by some of the figures! There is a <strong>big</strong> difference between the amount of energy required to accelerate you to a high percentage of light speed and the amount required to slow you down again when you get where you are going. This is due to the increase in "relativistic mass".</p><p>As you approach the speed of light your relativistic mass increases, meaning you need even more energy to accelerate you any more. This increase in relativistic mass also applies to any fuel you might want to carry... </p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <p><font color="#ff0000">_______________________________________________<br /></font><font size="2"><em>SpeedFreek</em></font> </p> </div>
 
K

kg

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<p><BR/>Replying to:<BR/><DIV CLASS='Discussion_PostQuote'>You are not over-simplifying you are misconstruing.&nbsp; Even in classical mechanics a change in velocity requires an application of force over a period of time.&nbsp; It is not a matter of force alone or of time alone.&nbsp; Force gives an acceleration to a given mass, and after time that acceleration is reflected in a change of speed.&nbsp; Any positive amount of force increases speed, but it takes some time to realize that increase.&nbsp; Special relativity does not talk to acceleration.&nbsp; To talk about acceleration you need the machinery of general relativity.&nbsp; And there one proceeds as in Newton's mechanics and looks at the effect of force in changing momentum, only you need to expand your notion of momentum so as to apply it in a 4-dimensional space-time.Don't worry too much about the compound interest.&nbsp; By the time you get back from a long trip at relativistic speeds the debt will have been written off and your accounts will have long ago been appropriated by either&nbsp;the state or your heirs.&nbsp; But if you could avoid that then the key would be to leave a small amount in a savings account.&nbsp; I once did a calculation of what the $26 what was used to buy Manhattan would be worth if it had been put into a savings account at 6% interest on the day of the purchase.&nbsp; If the Indians had done that they could buy Manhattan back, with change. <br />Posted by DrRocket</DIV></p><p>Ok, I think I can see what you are getting at here.&nbsp;&nbsp;All right, I send my rocket off with enough fuel to take it up to 187,000 miles per second (I stay home and watch).&nbsp; The&nbsp;crew sets the controls to accelerate at&nbsp;a comfortable 1G.&nbsp; Once the ship gets up to &nbsp;161325.2 (86.6% light speed) there is a Relativity Change Factor (RCF) of 2 (see the relativity calculator from a previous post).&nbsp; At this RCF&nbsp;1&nbsp;second on the spaceship = 2&nbsp;seconds&nbsp;for me.&nbsp; Now (forgetting all that&nbsp;stuff about the weight ship decreasing as they burn up&nbsp;the fuel) &nbsp;if they are burning up a gallon&nbsp;of fuel per second to maintain 1G and one&nbsp;of&nbsp;THEIR seconds is now 2 seconds for me, it appears to me that they are burning up 1/2 gallon per second.&nbsp; At a&nbsp;RCF of 8 it appears that they are only burning up a pint per second.&nbsp; The closer they get to C the more they seem to close down the throttle.&nbsp; Those slackers have totally failed me! I gave them plenty of fuel to start with and they are using less and less of it!&nbsp; It's going to take them FOREVER to get to the speed of light!!!</p><p>&nbsp;Ill show them... Now I shrink the ship down (don't ask me how) and pop it into a particle accelerator, flip the switch and off they go.&nbsp; It seems like I've got the RCF working&nbsp;for me this time.&nbsp; At a RCF of 2 it's like 2 seconds worth of energy from the accelerator is pushed into 1 second on the ship.&nbsp; As the ship increases speed more and more energy is pushing it each second.&nbsp; Now the poor crew isn't accelerating at a comfortable 1G.&nbsp; The G forces are climbing&nbsp;at a exponential (?) rate.&nbsp; It's as if they are getting Heaver..and....HeAvER!&nbsp; From my control room it seems that the&nbsp;spaceship is still accelerating but at a slower rate as it gets closer to C due to the increase in inertia.&nbsp; It&nbsp;STILL seems like it will take forever to get it up to the speed of light!&nbsp; </p><p>Ok, I really want to see these guys go faster than the speed of light sometime before the end of the universe so I... (I know what your thinking... "Don't do it!")&nbsp; simply turn up the power on the accelerator to offset the effect of inertia.&nbsp;&nbsp;Inside the space ship their&nbsp;Tridimensional chess sets have long since clattered to the floor, their volley ball exploded.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Now the exponential increase in G forces is increasing exponentially! (I think there is a term for this...some sort of function maybe?&nbsp; Honestly, I'm a blacksmith, I shoe horses.&nbsp; I'm not too good with the math part)&nbsp; I can tell that I'm going to have to turn the accelerator up way past eleven.&nbsp; Lights dim from Luxembourg to Sarajevo as it&nbsp;works to overcome the ever increasing enertia&nbsp;of the spaceship.&nbsp; It&nbsp;becomes apparent that&nbsp;I'm&nbsp;going to quickly&nbsp;need to turn it up to infinity!&nbsp; &nbsp;I abandon the smoldering ruins of the accelerator and skip town befor&nbsp;the electric bill arrives in the mail.&nbsp;</p><p><br /><br />&nbsp;</p>
 
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DrRocket

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<p><BR/>Replying to:<BR/><DIV CLASS='Discussion_PostQuote'>...&nbsp;&nbsp;I abandon the smoldering ruins of the accelerator and skip town befor&nbsp;the electric bill arrives in the mail.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />Posted by kg</DIV></p><p>Now you've got it.&nbsp; Better make sure the horse has fresh shoes.<br /></p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> </div>
 
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