<blockquote><font class="small">In reply to:</font><hr /><p>But I don't see why launches could not take place from artificial islands in international waters;<p><hr /></p></p></blockquote><br /><br />Sort of a scaled-up Sea Launch, you mean? (Sea Launch puts medium-weight payloads into orbit aboard Zenit rockets.) A few satellites have also been launched from "boomers" (submarines designed to launch ICBMs, which generally as in the light- to medium-lift class if converted into satellite boosters), particularily using the Russian Volna rockets.<br /><br />Incidentally, for those who don't know, boomers are submerged when they launch their missiles, so there is precedent for a water-launch concept. It's just never been scaled up to a heavy- or super-heavy-lift vehicle. <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <p> </p><p><font color="#666699"><em>"People assume that time is a strict progression of cause to effect, but actually from a non-linear, non-subjective viewpoint it's more like a big ball of wibbly wobbly . . . timey wimey . . . stuff."</em> -- The Tenth Doctor, "Blink"</font></p> </div>