The minimum cost of placing human beings on Mars will be at least $20 billion, and that cost estimate is by the greatest advocate of Mars Direct there is: Dr. Robert Zubrin. Personally, while I have read and even have his books in my posetion, and have very great respect of the man, I personally think his cost estimates are off by at least a factor of some 5 times (closer to 100 billion). <br /><br />Where is private industry going to come up with that kind of funding? Where is the return on investment that even the investors who like risk investment are going to ask for? What profit? Where is the profit? <br /><br />I am not an economist, I am a retired aerospace worker whose main expertise was in manufacturing and quality assurance. But even I know enough about economics to know that private industry will NEVER come up with this kind of risk money. It just isn't going to happen!!<br /><br />As a matter of fact I personally think that sending human beings to Mars (which I would LOVE to see as much as anybody) just isn't going to be feasable for just the resources of a country as rich as the US is alone. It is going to take the entire resources of all of the space programs of the entire earth to do this correctly! Do you think this will be possible in the next 30 to 40 years? If so, someone like me who is already 62 will quite probably never even see it happen! <br /><br />I will be very happy to even see us go back to the moon (in particular as I was one of the original 400,000 or so people that enabled us to do it the first time) to stay and do useful work, not just exploration, but actual exploitation of the resorces of the moon itself!