Question BIG BANG EVIDENCE

[Harry Costas]

Think about it, BB followed by another BB, and so on.
Locally, not all over.


[Submitted on 18 Mar 2025]

Higgs mode of modified cosmology​

Metin Arik, Tarik Tok

We consider a model where the Standard Model is added to the Einstein Lagrangian together with a Jordan-Brans-Dicke(JBD) coupling.
The time-dependent Higgs field has an important role in interpreting the effective gravitational constant, Geff. This may lead to two Big Bangs, the first Big Bang characterizes the size of the universe being zero. At this Big Bang, the value of the effective gravitational constant is zero and starts decreasing in time through negative values. During this era, the JBD term is important. In the second Big Bang, the effective gravitational constant passes through infinity to positive values. The negative gravitational constant is interpreted as repulsive gravity. The Lagrangian density provides effective potentials leading to spontaneous symmetry breaking which gives cosmological expectation value of the Higgs field and the Higgs mass which depends on curvature and the Brans Dicke parameter.

 

[Harry Costas]

The only statement that gains majority approval (by 68\% of participants) was that the Big Bang meant ``the universe evolved from a hot dense state'', not ``an absolute beginning time''. These results provide reasons for caution in describing ideas as consensus in the scientific community when a more nuanced view may be justified.

Does this statement prove the BBT?​

Copenhagen Survey on Black Holes and Fundamental Physics​

Alice Y. Chen, Phil Halper, Niayesh Afshordi

The purpose of this survey is to take a snapshot of the attitudes of physicists working on some of the most pressing questions in modern physics, which may be useful to sociologists and historians of science. For this study, a total of 85 completed surveys were returned out of 151 registered participants of the ``Black holes Inside and out'' conference, held in Copenhagen in 2024. The survey asked questions about some of the most contentious issues in fundamental physics, including the nature of black holes and dark energy. A number of surprising results were found. For example, some of the leading frameworks, such as the cosmological constant, cosmic inflation, or string theory - while most popular - gain less than the majority of votes from the participants. The only statement that gains majority approval (by 68\% of participants) was that the Big Bang meant ``the universe evolved from a hot dense state'', not ``an absolute beginning time''. These results provide reasons for caution in describing ideas as consensus in the scientific community when a more nuanced view may be justified.

 

[Harry Costas]

"These results are compared to recent results on k=−1 FLRW quantum spacetimes with a Big Bounce."

What does it mean?

[Submitted on 25 Mar 2025]

Spatially flat FLRW spacetimes with a Big Bang from matrix geometry​

Christian Gaß, Harold Steinacker

We present an expanding, spatially flat (k=0) FLRW quantum spacetime with a Big Bang, considered as a background in Yang-Mills matrix models. The FLRW geometry emerges in the semi-classical limit as a projection from the fuzzy hyperboloid. We analyze the propagation of scalar fields, and demonstrate that their Feynman propagator resembles the Minkowski space Feynman propagator in the semi-classical regime. Moreover, the higher spin modes predicted by the matrix model are described explicitly. These results are compared to recent results on k=−1 FLRW quantum spacetimes with a Big Bounce.

 

[Harry Costas]

We show that in-falling particles undergoing such a phase transition become massless, uncharged and have zero angular momentum inside the bubble manifold. We also show that no information is lost or destroyed in this process.

Are we getting closer to understanding?

[Submitted on 27 Mar 2025]

A conservative solution to the Singularity Problem in Classical GR​

Nikhil Bachhawat

Singularities, as formulated in classical General Relativity (GR), have the undesirable property that all classical laws of physics break down at this point. This makes it difficult to probe before the Big Bang or resolve black hole information loss problems. In this paper, we propose a solution to the singularity problem using a Symmetry-Restoring Phase Transition (SRPT) at the black hole event horizon. We show that in such a scenario, the singularity is instead replaced by a higher-symmetry bubble manifold with a vanishing Weyl curvature tensor. We show that in-falling particles undergoing such a phase transition become massless, uncharged and have zero angular momentum inside the bubble manifold. We also show that no information is lost or destroyed in this process.

 

[Harry Costas]

Interesting reading, you need to read to the end to form some form of conclusion.

[Submitted on 31 Mar 2025]

Resolving the baryon assymmetry with RATS​

J. Josiek, M. Bernini-Peron, G. González-Torà, R. R. Lefever, E. C. Schösser

Current leading theories of physics such as the Big Bang, the standard model of particle physics, and general relativity suggest that the universe should contain an equal amount of matter and antimatter. Yet observations have found a disproportionately large amount of matter, a phenomenon known as the baryon assymmetry problem. Since century-old established theories are traditionally impossible to refute, the only possible explanation is that the remaining antimatter is hidden in plain sight and remains to be observed. We propose the existence of anti-stars to solve the baryon assymetry in our new Reasonable Antimatter Theory of Stars (RATS). In this context, the RATS will create a framework to resolve the traditional tension between observers and theorists, and thus contribute to the peaceful and collaborative spirit of astronomy. Our method is the firing of neurons in our brains, typically known as a thought experiment. We still have no idea why or how this works, but it must be good because most of science was created this way. Our results are the result of our methods, which result in some text and the resulting conclusions. In order to encourage the reader to reach the end of this short paper, we do not want to spoil the conclusions here. Instead, the conclusions will conclude the paper.

 

[Harry Costas]

This is a change of thinking.

[Submitted on 1 Apr 2025]

Acceleration from a Phase of Entropic Balance​

Soumya Chakrabarti

We discuss the notion of generating a cosmic inflation without any big bang singularity. It has been proved recently by Good and Linder (arXiv : 2503.02380v1) that such an expansion of the universe can be driven by quantum fluctuations embedded in vacuum. The rate of expansion is guided by a cosmological sum rule defined through the Schwarzian derivative. We explore the thermodynamic roots of Schwarzian and connect it with the surface gravity associated with an apparent horizon. In General Relativity the cosmological sum rule can be enforced only if the early universe is a Milne vacuum. We show that this restriction can be removed by considering an entropic source term in the Einstein-Hilbert action.

 

[Harry Costas]

I'm posting these papers for those who want to understand.
or maybe reject these papers.

During the big bang, this scalar may reach a CP-violating minimum, where its mass can be comparable to the inflationary Hubble scale

[Submitted on 4 Apr 2025]

Baryogenesis from cosmological CP breaking​

Mateusz Duch, Alessandro Strumia, Arsenii Titov

We show that baryogenesis can arise from the cosmological evolution of a scalar field that governs CP-violating parameters, such as the Yukawa couplings and the theta terms of the Standard Model. During the big bang, this scalar may reach a CP-violating minimum, where its mass can be comparable to the inflationary Hubble scale. Such dynamics can emerge in theories featuring either a spontaneously broken local U(1) symmetry or modular invariance. The latter arises naturally as the effective field theory capturing the geometric origin of CP violation in toroidal string compactifications. Modular baryogenesis is compatible with the modular approach to resolving the strong CP problem.

 

[Harry Costas]

I have not commented for a good reason, not to influence your reading.

[Submitted on 10 Apr 2025]

Singularity resolution and inflation from an infinite tower of regularized curvature corrections​

Pedro G. S. Fernandes

We explore four-dimensional scalar-tensor theories obtained from well-defined dimensional regularizations of Lovelock invariants. When an infinite tower of corrections is considered, these theories allow for cosmological models in which the Big Bang singularity is replaced by an inflationary phase in the early-universe, and they also admit a specific class of regular black hole solutions.

 

[Harry Costas]

Interesting reading.

A bold new theory suggests the universe didn’t begin with a single Big Bang, but instead unfolds through a series of ultra-fast, invisible bursts called “tempor… Source: SciTechDaily https://search.app/rvEYJbiYDQKHuPC9A

Shared via the Google app

 

[Harry Costas]

Interesting reading, the journey continues.

ABSTRACT. Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field equations sourced by a topo Source: OUP Academic https://search.app/GggZ34KLaVPHBMUa8

Shared via the Google app

 

[Harry Costas]

I will hold off my opinion on this paper.
Read and form your own opinion.

[Submitted on 11 Mar 2025]

Are dark matter and dark energy omnipresent?​

Richard Lieu

A set of temporal singularities (transients) in the mass-energy density and pressure, bearing a specific mathematical structure which represents a new solution to the continuity equation (\ie~conservation of mass-energy) and satisfying the strong energy condition, is proposed to account for the expansion history of a homogeneous Universe, and the formation and binding of large scale structures as a continuum approximation of their cumulative effects. These singularities are unobservable because they occur rarely in time and are unresolvably fast, and that could be the reason why dark matter and dark energy have not been found. Implication on inflationary cosmology is discussed. The origin of these temporal singularities is unknown, safe to say that the same is true of the moment of the Big Bang itself. This work complements a recent paper, where a topological defect in the form of a spatial, spherical shell of density singularity giving rise to a 1/r attractive force (to test particles of positive mass) but zero integrated mass over a large volume of space, was proposed to solve the dark matter problem in bound structures but not cosmic expansion. The idea also involved a negative density, which is not present in the current model.

 

[Catastrophe]

Harry, from your OP . . . . . .

The standard model of cosmology assumes that our Universe began 14 Gyrs (billion years) ago from a singular Big Bang creation. This can explain a vast range of different astrophysical data from a handful of free cosmological parameters. However, we have no direct evidence or fundamental understanding of some key assumptions: Inflation, Dark Matter and Dark Energy.

My biggest problem is the validity of retro projection - imagining the observed universe going backwards. This retro projection seems to be a straight line projection, whereas we know that actually it was not - partly including an expansion which some suggest was "faster than light".

This brings about the suggestion that there was a scarcely believable inflation.
I am a little unhappy with the scale of this inflation, and, also, with the suggestion that it followed an infinitely "this, that and the other" singularity.

How do we not know that, instead of a straight line, there might not have been a gradual hyperbolical growth from a nexus between phases, so avoiding this metaphysical singularity and infinite expansion?

Also, I recently pointed out some suggestions which overcome entropic difficulties.

I would submit that happenings during what is regarded as the "earliest fraction of time" after this imaginary, unscientific "singularity" are little more than the wild imagination of dubious metaphysics. Why is it suggested that enormous changes occurred in almost no time at all? It can only be hypothetical mathematics based on assumptions.

Perhaps these mathematical fractions of a second were really billions of years.
Not to mention, of course, that the beings that invented seconds and billions of years were still some considerable time from appearing in their observable universe.
Was the map, perhaps, very far from having any relation to the territory?

Cat

 

[Harry Costas]

Hello Cat
In simple words, what are you saying.

 

[Catastrophe]

Hello Cat
In simple words, what are you saying.

In simple words, I am in agreement with much of what you have posted.

Cat

 

[Harry Costas]

I was speaking to the general public.

 

[Harry Costas]

What does this all mean?
Is this proving the BBT?

[Submitted on 9 Apr 2025]

Primordial neutrinos fade to gray: constraints from cosmological observables​

Gabriela Barenboim, Julien Froustey, Cyril Pitrou, Hector Sanchis

We investigate the effect of potentially large distortions of the relic neutrino spectra on cosmological this http URL that end, we consider a phenomenological model of "gray" spectral distributions, described by a single parameter which generalizes the traditional

-distortions to possibly large negative values. Implementing these distortions in the primordial nucleosynthesis code PRIMAT, we can constrain the distortion parameter along with the presence of extra radiation, exploiting the complementarity of big bang nucleosynthesis and cosmic microwave background measurements to disentangle gravitational and non-thermal effects. These constraints rule out a distortion where more than

of the neutrinos energy density is replaced by dark radiation. Nonetheless, we find that large distortions, accompanied by extra radiation, are allowed-and even slightly preferred in some cases-by current cosmological observations. As this scenario would require substantial modifications to the physics of neutrino decoupling in the early Universe, these observational constraints call for a renewed attention on the possibility of large deviations from the standard cosmological model in the neutrino sector.

 

[Harry Costas]

This is very interesting.

[Submitted on 10 Apr 2025]

Singularity resolution and inflation from an infinite tower of regularized curvature corrections​

Pedro G. S. Fernandes

We explore four-dimensional scalar-tensor theories obtained from well-defined dimensional regularizations of Lovelock invariants. When an infinite tower of corrections is considered, these theories allow for cosmological models in which the Big Bang singularity is replaced by an inflationary phase in the early-universe, and they also admit a specific class of regular black hole solutions.

 

[Harry Costas]

Amazing how scientists still mention BBT.

[Submitted on 13 Apr 2025]

Galaxy Mergers in a Fractal Cosmology​

Bruno J. Souza, Osvaldo L. Santos-Pereira, Marcelo B. Ribeiro

This work discusses the influence of galaxy mergers in the evolution of a parabolic Lema\^ıtre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) cosmology with simultaneous big bang endowed with two consecutive single fractal galaxy distributions systems possessing fractal dimension D. Based on recent empirical findings, it is assumed that the resulting galaxy mass from mergers can be expressed by a redshift dependent decaying power law. The proposed cosmological model modifies the relativistic fractal number counts distribution by including a merger rate evolution that estimates the model's radial density. Numerical solutions for the first order small-merger-rate approximation (SMRA) are found and the results show that a fractal galaxy distribution having D=1.5 in the range 0.1<z<1.0, and D=0.5 for 1<z<6, as suggested by recent empirical findings, the SMRA allows consistent description of the model for a merger rate power law exponent up to q=0.2 considering a fractal galaxy distribution starting from the Local Group. Consistent values were also found up to q=2.5 and z=7 from a scale smaller than the Local Supercluster. These results show that galaxy mergers can be successfully incorporated into the dynamics of a parabolic LTB fractal cosmology.

 

[Harry Costas]

Is this paper on the right track or the left track?

[Submitted on 10 Dec 2024]

BBN-simple: How to Bake a Universe-Sized Cake​

Aidan Meador-Woodruff, Dragan Huterer

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), the process of creation of lightest elements in the early universe, is a highly robust, precise, and ultimately successful theory that forms one of the three pillars of the standard hot-Big-Bang cosmological model. Existing theoretical treatments of BBN and the associated computer codes are accurate and flexible, but are typically highly technical and opaque, and not suitable for pedagogical understanding of the BBN. Here we present BBN-simple -- a from-scratch numerical calculation of the lightest element abundances pitched at an advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate level. We review the physics of the early universe relevant for BBN, provide information about the reaction rates, and discuss computational-mathematics background that is essential in setting up a BBN calculation. We calculate the abundances of the principal nuclear species in a standard cosmological model, and find a reasonably good agreement with public precision-level BBN codes.