A "patch of boiling water" simply would not boil fast enough to generate a vortex. The reason is that the change of state of water from liquid to gas requires an input of 40.7 kJ/mol (40.7 kJ per 18 g of liquid). Where is all of this heat going to come from ?<br /><br />When a liquid boils due to reduction of pressure under adiabatic conditions (An adiabatic process is one in which there is no exchange of heat with the surroundings; let's accept this as a first order reasonable approximation), the temperature of the liquid cools - because heat is withdrawn from the liquid to drive it into the gas phase (ah, that 40.7 kJ/mol again). As the liquid cools, it doesn't boil as fast, and the rate of vaporization lessens. Eventually, it can even cool enough that it freezes, and stays frozen (because enough heat is lost subliming the ice that it does not ever return to a liquid state).<br /><br />Now maybe if you suggested that this was a hot water fumarole or some such vent, then maybe it could form a vortex shaped vapor cloud, a la Old Faithful. But you didn't suggest this.<br /><br />Yep, those NASA imbeciles got it wrong. <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature" align="center"><em><font color="#0000ff">- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -</font></em> </div><div class="Discussion_UserSignature" align="center"><font color="#0000ff"><em>I really, really, really miss the "first unread post" function.</em></font> </div> </div>