Nasa, the US space agency, is planning to launch an unmanned spacecraft today to investigate two bodies in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter that scientists believe could provide vital clues about the formation of planets, including the possible presence of water and even very basic forms of life.<br /><br />The spacecraft, Dawn, will take off from Cape Canaveral in Florida – weather permitting – in the hope of reaching the bodies, called Ceres and Vesta, some time in 2011. It will stay with them for a further 16 months. The mission is expected to last eight years in all, with Dawn covering a distance of three billion miles.<br /><br />Scientists believe the two bodies – in their different ways – are small proto-planets whose growth was stunted because of the gravitational pull of Jupiter, the largest of the planets in our solar system.<br /><br />Dawn will take photographs and measure chemical, mineral and other data. "We're going to be visiting some of the last unexplored worlds in the inner solar system," Marc Rayman, the project's chief engineer told the Associated Press.<br /><br />What we know so far is that neither body is an asteroid, despite being in the asteroid belt. Vesta, seen from earth, looks bone-dry, its surface apparently covered in volcanic basalts.<br /><br />What makes it interesting, above all, is a big dent near its south pole, forming a crater measuring almost 300 miles across. One of Dawn's missions will be to establish whether Vesta could be a source of the meteorites found on earth.<br /><br />Ceres, by contrast, is believed to be composed of as much as 25 per cent water. Spectroscopic studies have suggested that its surface is covered with clays, carbonates and other minerals that require water to form. The combination of materials that scientists believe Dawn will find there – water, organic compounds and salts – suggest it might be a good environment for the development of very basic life forms.<br /><br />Neither Ceres nor Vesta