Well, the basic premise seemed to be the question: will we explore in person or forever be given one-way trips & passive telescopic observation?<br /><br />I don't know if we will ever exceed lightspeed. I like the idea, and I find the theories of Dr. Alcubierre rather alluring, but what I know of science (and I am not an expert in theoretical propulsion by any means!) suggests that c will forever be the limit.<br /><br />But that limiting parameter isn't a bad thing, IMO. We currently explore via our robots and I will say the daily MER images are a wonder. I have a pre-Mariner map of Mars on my office wall that was developed by the Air Force. It has swathes of shadow on it listed as canals per the old Lowell maps. Not quaint, but based on the data available at the time. So, I view the robotic probes as a wonder.<br /><br />In the future when we do travel between the stars humans in some form will go. They will radio back what they find. Colonies around other stars will report back to Earth and be met either with some combination of interest or disinterest, I am sure. Ultimately, I believe the currency or commerce between an interstellar civilization will be radioed or masered information. The technology of computer simulation and VR may reach a point where we may even be able to "visit" these worlds via some sort of holosuite like in the Bradbury story or on Star Trek. <br /><br />Ships will ply the starlanes, I believe, but what they carry will be considered precious: a material for study, a life form, an idea, an artifact, a person. But caravels filled with gold or stellar spice and liquors might never happen (darn, I was hoping for those Rigellian stogies). <br /><br />So, in this scenario with near-c starships, if you want to get there and back in under a decade then the triplet of stars we sometimes collectively call "Alpha Centauri" might be the place to visit. <br /><br />Just my opinion, of course. <br /><br />v3k <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> </div>