<font color="yellow">how did Enceladus come to have an off-center nucleus?" </font><br /><br />Answer 1: I don't know.<br />Answer 2: We also don't know that Enceladus has an off-center nucleus.<br /><br />I offered this hypothesis because I think it is the simplest explanation for the observed hotspots. I don't know that it is correct!<br /><br />I hope that detailed trajectory observations of close passes to Enceladus might detect whether this moon's mass is not spherically symmetric.<br /><br />Finally I note that the Moon's nucleus is off-centered slightly, and a bit non-spherical, presumably the result of ancient massive asteroid strikes. The moon also has subsurface plascons which create locally unsymmetric gravitational fields. <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature" align="center"><em><font color="#0000ff">- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -</font></em> </div><div class="Discussion_UserSignature" align="center"><font color="#0000ff"><em>I really, really, really miss the "first unread post" function.</em></font> </div> </div>