Welcome back all!<br /><br /><font color="yellow">MARSIS will map the sub-surface structure to a depth of a few kilometres.<br />The instrument (Sharad) has a horizontal resolution of between 0.3 and 3 kilometers (between 2/10 of a mile and almost 2 miles) horizontally and <b>15 meters vertically.</b></font><br /><br />So Mars Express can penetrate a few hundred times deeper then MRO. That’s deep enough to find underground glaciers and cavities. It’s really what makes this mission in my opinion. But I do agree with ESA’s approach. They have to be able to prove that it won’t damage the spacecraft before deploying it. If they can’t do that then it would be best to wait at until the other instruments have collected a fair amount of data.<br />