I'm hardly qualified to help, but I think I can help some...
1. In the double slit experiment, how can the light know if its going to be a proton or a wave, and how does it know its being observed and then decide which its going to be, and there was something else that said if you kept the sensor in place but disconnect the plug , it appears the light proton seems to know...... Eh ? Wish I had not started reading these forums !!
Photons, or any particle for that matter, have more than one property. They have both wave and particle (or particle-like) properties. The higher the energy of a photon, the more it behaves like a particle. The more massive an element is (e.g.proton vs. electron), the more it behaves like a particle as well.
Exactly why they behave they way the do is still unclear. There are a couple of debated theories for this.
2. Quantum entanglement :-
How can it be physically possible for 2 (atoms?) to interact with each other across the galaxy , "instantly". If the interaction is faster than light, how can that be true; and how do scientists know / prove this.?
It's not known what is happening to allow instant responses in entanglement. But no one has found a way that any form of communication can utilize it, so it's, so far, just a remarkable novelty, IMO.
But there have been many objective tests done that demonstrate entanglement is not fiction.
3. If there was a big bang , how could all this matter, rocks, suns, planets , all come from a single point the size of a pin head, surely it must always have been here. Something in my school days about not creating or destroying matter. So that was all wrong then ?
The best way to understand that question and BBT in general, IMO, is to look at what we know today. We discovered in the early 1920s that space is expanding. Thus, if you rewind the clock, then space would appear to contract. Amazingly, physics is able to allow that contraction to squeeze to incredible densities. Matter becomes so hot that it will first break-up into its base elements, but with more contraction, matter transitions into energy, so only energy in the trillions of degrees remains. Physics, however, cannot solve for a single point (ie singularity) since the equations go nuts. Conservation laws likely have no problems with this, but there is no guarantee that these laws are identical then (the first nanoseconds) to what we see today.