Steve - Did you miss this?:<br /><br />Spectometric data of a star when being ecclipsed partially by a planet.<br /><br />I know some planets have been discovered due to this effect....<br /><br />Nexium - Hi also.<br /><br />On the relative concentrations of elements and compounds in galaxies.<br /><br />Water is H2O. Oxygen is heavier but hydrogen is the lightest. For water (H2O) to be formed they have to get together - they can't be isolated in totally different sections of the galaxy.<br /><br />Also, note that water is unstable when irradiated.<br /><br />For example, UV radiation (certain wavelengths more than others) cause photolysis of water, aka photo-dissociation, into hydrogen and oxygen.<br /><br />The latter factor is often ignored in chemical evolution scenarios, for example.