(just realized how long this post is, it's a reply to whole thread)<br /><br /><b>> Large standing army may not be necessary if your possession is located so that 'the other guys' are practically unable to send anyone/anything to threaten it.</b><br /><br />Exactly. That is also why I discussed the primacy of human over robot presence on a landing site/claim. It's really easy for the human to go monkeywrench the opponent radio beacon. I can see a claims-regime that gives transponders/beacons a timelimit, maybe 10 or 20 years, then the claim reverts to nothing. This would give people a chance to stake/buy a claim, then arrange the trip over a given period. If they fail to get there in time, either the stake goes back up for sale or <br /><br />This all assumes a "seller" that maintains the interest, I'm guessing something like Edawg described (great idea, go for it), a "frontier company" as I am discussing or a national Agency would field the beacons. This might applicable in two ways:<br /><br />1, On Planets, for some intended mass-landing. A large group of Mars settlers wants to be inside a single landing ellipse, but with separate landing sites. A quiver of beacons is launched to give them each a homestead signal.<br /><br />2, Single beacons for claiming NEOs, Asteroids. This would be useful for claiming asteroids. Not sure about multiple claims per object - there is enough material out there that every town on Earth could claim a sister-city in space. Any land rush in the forseeable future can involve tens of thousands of NEO and Inner Belt objects. If a single beacon claim is enough to get a tenative legal hold on an object, that would greatly increase investor's confidence in a project.<br /><br />I think Phobos as described could be the first Off-Earth city - simply because it has the water to support an industrial population. It's harder to get to timewise, but is in an ideal location at Mars, has many valuable resources (extremely mixed object, metals, volatiles, <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <div align="center"><em>We need a first generation of pioneers.</em><br /></div> </div>