I found the BPP to be a whitewash program. Generally, they didn't do any original research or flight tests, they just came up with tired old excuses using obsolete physics for why proposals were impossible. It was a high-tech lynching little different than the historic New York Times "discrediting" of Dr. Goddard's lunar rocket theories.<br /><br />If a new BPP came about that actually tested, found problems, came up with solutions, retested, etc, done by people who were motivated to make breakthroughs rather than to make up excuses, I'd be totally supportive. Maybe that was actually what went on, but that wasn't how it appeared, and where are the ones that actually worked, now? VASIMR got sacked, magneto-plasma sails never set sail, and the Planetary Society had to rely on some unreliable Russian ICBMs to get their privately funded solar sails launched, ending in failure.<br /><br />None of the technologies, so far as I can see, had agressive advocates within the program, outside of Chang-Diaz pimping his VASIMR whenever he could. This is suicide, since scientific bureaucracies kill projects that don't have evangelists for them. "Objective" evaluators fairly come up with possible reasons why a project might not work, the budget people jump on them as excuses to kill the project, and without an advocate being a missionary for the project, it is doomed to being canned.