"Using new simulations of a virtual accretion disk, scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have demonstrated how particles in the accretion disk interact."
My note. I would think such simulations apply to all discs seen around young stars, no matter what their diameters in AU or mass estimates so the solution should be the same or similar like TRAPPIST-1 system. Another example.
Vertically extended and asymmetric CN emission in the Elias 2-27 protoplanetary disk,
https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.08827, reference,
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2207.08827.pdf, 18-July-2022, 19-pages.
My notes from the paper. Elias 2-27 is said to be a 0.46 Msun star with perhaps disc mass 17% of star mass. "In this study we present new CN observations of the disk surrounding Elias 2-27, a Class II young stellar object (Andrews et al. 2009, 2018) which has been proposed to host a massive (∼17% of the stellar mass, Veronesi et al. 2021) protoplanetary disk currently undergoing gravitational instability (GI) (Pérez et al. 2016;.."
The paper cited indicates the disc mass is more than 26,000 earth masses seen at Elias 2-27 compared to the MMSN for our solar system about 3300 earth masses.
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