The Spitzer Space Telescope will shuts down Jan. 30. NASA celebrates its legacy this week.

Spitzer documented much on galaxies and star formation rates too. "The Distant Universe Spitzer observed beyond the stars and exoplanets of our own galaxy, reaching out to the billions upon billions of galaxies in the universe. Understanding how galaxies form and evolve has been a driving question in astrophysics for many decades. Infrared observations have been applied to this question in two separate domains: low and high redshifts. These domains split at a redshift of 3, corresponding to a lookback time of approximately 11.5 billion years. With its enormous gain over prior missions in imaging sensitivity, predominantly at 24 microns, and its substantial spectroscopic capability, Spitzer has probed infrared-bright galaxies throughout the universe's last 11.5 billion years...Combined with multiwavelength data from other instruments, these results show that star formation across the universe peaked between 2.3 and 3.8 billion years after the Big Bang and has been decreasing ever since. Astronomers refer to this period of rampant starbirth as cosmic high noon.", ref - Spitzer's Legacy, Sky & Telescope 139(1):18-25, 2020

What Spitzer data shows about star formation, slowing down, the H-R star diagram supports like globular clusters, white dwarfs cooling, no new galaxy formation. The 2nd Law/entropy is the direction of time's arrow so the universe did not create itself but had a distinct beginning. New star formation rates is decreasing and winding down in the Big Bang model.
 
Jan 20, 2020
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Spitzer documented much on galaxies and star formation rates too. "The Distant Universe Spitzer observed beyond the stars and exoplanets of our own galaxy, reaching out to the billions upon billions of galaxies in the universe. Understanding how galaxies form and evolve has been a driving question in astrophysics for many decades. Infrared observations have been applied to this question in two separate domains: low and high redshifts. These domains split at a redshift of 3, corresponding to a lookback time of approximately 11.5 billion years. With its enormous gain over prior missions in imaging sensitivity, predominantly at 24 microns, and its substantial spectroscopic capability, Spitzer has probed infrared-bright galaxies throughout the universe's last 11.5 billion years...Combined with multiwavelength data from other instruments, these results show that star formation across the universe peaked between 2.3 and 3.8 billion years after the Big Bang and has been decreasing ever since. Astronomers refer to this period of rampant starbirth as cosmic high noon.", ref - Spitzer's Legacy, Sky & Telescope 139(1):18-25, 2020

What Spitzer data shows about star formation, slowing down, the H-R star diagram supports like globular clusters, white dwarfs cooling, no new galaxy formation. The 2nd Law/entropy is the direction of time's arrow so the universe did not create itself but had a distinct beginning. New star formation rates is decreasing and winding down in the Big Bang model.
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