In order not to get confusing in the concepts, it is necessary get them define from the point of view of materialism:
The matter is a philosophical category for the designation of objective reality that exists independently of human consciousness, including everything that is accessible to a person with the help of sensory organs, devices and instruments, thinking, as well as everything that is not available to a person at present, but may become available in the future, and everything that will never become available to a person (full cognition of the infinite material world is impossible).
The attributes of matter, the general forms of its existence are space and motion. No one was creating matter and no one can destroy it. The matter is eternal in time and infinite in space. To date, two types of matter are known:
• Substance;
• Field.
The universe is a particle of matter that humanity has been able to know. The universe may be a separate system, or it may be part of another system. In any case, she interacts with the outside world, is not closed and is in constant motion.
As matter is infinite, it affects all local objects and processes. This impact was called dark matter and dark energy. The general laws in the material world are the same. However, in different cosmic and microscopic systems, there may be local laws that are stipulated by the boundaries of systems and the interaction of material objects in them. Undoubtedly, there are various forces of interaction between objects and, apparently, it is not only gravity or electromagnetism.
According to Hubble's law, galaxies are moving away from Earth at a speed proportional to their distance. In other words, the further away they are, the faster they move away from the Earth. The speed of galaxies is determined by their redshift.
Based on this law, some scientists have come to the conclusion that the universe is expanding with acceleration. However, there are galaxies that are not moving away, but approaching the Earth, for example Andromeda. Now this approaching is explained by the proximity of the Milky Way and Andromeda and their attraction. But there is, for example, the Large Magellanic Cloud galaxy, which is also close to Earth, but moving away from the Milky Way.
Thus, obviously, it is not the expansion of the Universe that is taking place, but the movement of parts of matter, possibly in the form of a vortex. Since this process is very slow for an observer on Earth, we only see an instant of this process. Perhaps, over time, new galaxies will appear, which will not be moving away, but approaching the Earth.
Based on the above, it can not to extrapolate the apparent expansion of the Universe to the entire process of its development and assume that it was previously concentrated at one point. Most likely, there was no Big Bang, and we see a very small part of the motion of matter.
For infinity, there is no concept of expansion or contraction, since there is no point of reference for these processes. In some part of the material world, local processes of expansion or contraction of this part may occur relative to the point taken as the origin. This also applies to our universe.
All hypotheses about the structure of the universe are based on the representation of it as a separate object, but this is not the case. The universe is a part of infinite matter, and it is wrong to consider it in isolation from other objects surrounding the universe.
Thus, if the universe is a part of matter, then it has always existed, but along with the constant change of matter, also itself changed.
One of the characteristics of matter is time. However, unlike space, time does not exist physically. Time is a concept that characterizes the change of the material world. Time is similar to the concept of "work", which is also physically absent, but which characterizes the change in energy.
In each system, time can be different, depending on the rate of change of matter. Therefore, time is relative, what Einstein proved.
Human cognition of the material world is limited by the speed of measuring instruments. We cannot measure processes that change very quickly compared to the speed of a measuring device, hence the uncertainty in the quantum world. On the other hand, space processes are very slow and the device cannot measure their change.
Now many scientists are trying to create a general theory explaining all the processes in the material world, but this is impossible because matter is infinite. However, this is not a dead end and not a bad thing, but very good, because humanity can endlessly explore the world and enjoy new discoveries.
PS: Speaking about the infinity of Matter, I rely on the facts that are known today. The study of the microcosm shows that there is no end in sight to the fragmentation of matter and research at the quantum level is limited to measuring instruments. The study of the microcosm shows that there is no end in sight to the fragmentation of matter and research at the quantum level is limited by the speed of measuring instruments. On a cosmic scale, the end of the material world is also not visible. This is confirmed by the latest results obtained from the Webb telescope. Dozens of new galaxies containing billions of stars have been discovered.
The matter is a philosophical category for the designation of objective reality that exists independently of human consciousness, including everything that is accessible to a person with the help of sensory organs, devices and instruments, thinking, as well as everything that is not available to a person at present, but may become available in the future, and everything that will never become available to a person (full cognition of the infinite material world is impossible).
The attributes of matter, the general forms of its existence are space and motion. No one was creating matter and no one can destroy it. The matter is eternal in time and infinite in space. To date, two types of matter are known:
• Substance;
• Field.
The universe is a particle of matter that humanity has been able to know. The universe may be a separate system, or it may be part of another system. In any case, she interacts with the outside world, is not closed and is in constant motion.
As matter is infinite, it affects all local objects and processes. This impact was called dark matter and dark energy. The general laws in the material world are the same. However, in different cosmic and microscopic systems, there may be local laws that are stipulated by the boundaries of systems and the interaction of material objects in them. Undoubtedly, there are various forces of interaction between objects and, apparently, it is not only gravity or electromagnetism.
According to Hubble's law, galaxies are moving away from Earth at a speed proportional to their distance. In other words, the further away they are, the faster they move away from the Earth. The speed of galaxies is determined by their redshift.
Based on this law, some scientists have come to the conclusion that the universe is expanding with acceleration. However, there are galaxies that are not moving away, but approaching the Earth, for example Andromeda. Now this approaching is explained by the proximity of the Milky Way and Andromeda and their attraction. But there is, for example, the Large Magellanic Cloud galaxy, which is also close to Earth, but moving away from the Milky Way.
Thus, obviously, it is not the expansion of the Universe that is taking place, but the movement of parts of matter, possibly in the form of a vortex. Since this process is very slow for an observer on Earth, we only see an instant of this process. Perhaps, over time, new galaxies will appear, which will not be moving away, but approaching the Earth.
Based on the above, it can not to extrapolate the apparent expansion of the Universe to the entire process of its development and assume that it was previously concentrated at one point. Most likely, there was no Big Bang, and we see a very small part of the motion of matter.
For infinity, there is no concept of expansion or contraction, since there is no point of reference for these processes. In some part of the material world, local processes of expansion or contraction of this part may occur relative to the point taken as the origin. This also applies to our universe.
All hypotheses about the structure of the universe are based on the representation of it as a separate object, but this is not the case. The universe is a part of infinite matter, and it is wrong to consider it in isolation from other objects surrounding the universe.
Thus, if the universe is a part of matter, then it has always existed, but along with the constant change of matter, also itself changed.
One of the characteristics of matter is time. However, unlike space, time does not exist physically. Time is a concept that characterizes the change of the material world. Time is similar to the concept of "work", which is also physically absent, but which characterizes the change in energy.
In each system, time can be different, depending on the rate of change of matter. Therefore, time is relative, what Einstein proved.
Human cognition of the material world is limited by the speed of measuring instruments. We cannot measure processes that change very quickly compared to the speed of a measuring device, hence the uncertainty in the quantum world. On the other hand, space processes are very slow and the device cannot measure their change.
Now many scientists are trying to create a general theory explaining all the processes in the material world, but this is impossible because matter is infinite. However, this is not a dead end and not a bad thing, but very good, because humanity can endlessly explore the world and enjoy new discoveries.
PS: Speaking about the infinity of Matter, I rely on the facts that are known today. The study of the microcosm shows that there is no end in sight to the fragmentation of matter and research at the quantum level is limited to measuring instruments. The study of the microcosm shows that there is no end in sight to the fragmentation of matter and research at the quantum level is limited by the speed of measuring instruments. On a cosmic scale, the end of the material world is also not visible. This is confirmed by the latest results obtained from the Webb telescope. Dozens of new galaxies containing billions of stars have been discovered.
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