You know, hokie; we've been batting this ball for so long now, I've genuinely forgotten what you want or propose for an alternative. High flight rates for anything is so many years off, surely you know that? Worth aiming for, sure, but how do you propose to slay the development cost/flightrate/operating cost dragons?<br /><br />You're most probably better qualified in science and engineering than me and some others here, but I'd like to know how you'd get around all this. I'd LOVE the chance to agree with you, far more than disagreeing.<br /><br /> />>With additional hardware that may or may not ever get built.<<<br /><br />Yeah; which is why Nasa and Altspace BOTH need our support. There's far more Altspace gear that will NEVER get built than Nasa stuff.<br /><br /> />>CEV by itself cannot leave LEO.<<<br /><br />Neither can Soyuz, Gemini, Shuttle, or Apollo. I don't believe you're being deliberately obtuse.<br /><br /> />>And even if things go as planned, the most we'll see is a couple of Apollo style flights per year at a cost of billions of dollars. Big deal.<<<br /><br />It IS a big deal: Apollo was one of mankind's greatest achievements, even with the limited, inflexible mission architecture. Also, it was only a question of funding, as you SURELY must know: in 1969 Nasa flew FOUR Saturn Vs with crews. Given enough funding they could have done four all-up lunar expeditions per year in a squeeze, or three per-year in comfort. But of course with funding heavily cut, only 2x Apollos per year were done in 1971 and 1972. If Apollos 18 & 19 were done, sandwiched between Skylab, Apollo would have ended in late 1974. "Big deal" indeed.<br /> <br /> />>What are we missing here?? High flight rates. Significantly lower operational costs.<<<br /><br />HOLY GRAIL!! 15-20 years away, but on the way for sure: that we can agree on.<br /><br /> />>An abillity to make a controlled landing instead of having crews parachute back down in a tin (Aluminium <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <p> </p><p>One Percent of Federal Funding For Space: America <strong><em><u>CAN</u></em></strong> Afford it!! LEO is a <strong><em>Prison</em></strong> -- It's time for a <em><strong>JAILBREAK</strong></em>!!</p> </div>