And yet another free fitting parameter is postulated for The Big Bang Theory.
I am surprised that the article does not try to use it to explain how "inflation" could have started and ended. Obviously, if dark matter initially did not exist to resist the "dark energy" postulated to have suddenly expanded the universe, but then was created later, it could have then slowed the expansion after its creation. Theorists would have an "explanation" of why "dark energy"/"inflation" behaves the way they claim, rather than saying "It just does."
Combing this with the other unexplained changes in unproven energy and unproven matter, the model should be able to predict just about anything.
So, this paper seems to say that the authors have set out to try to make as many different predictions as possible for "gravitational waves" that we might eventually be able to detect with future instruments.
The trouble with that is so many possibilities being predicted does not logically lead to the conclusion that what is eventually detected actually does verify the theory variation that was used to predict them. It at least sounds like they can use any future observations to "support" one version or another. But, maybe none of their theories are actually correct, and the observations are instead the results of something that they do not "believe in" or even have a basis to understand.