Question Infinity or not infinity that is the question.

[Catastrophe]

No. Not at all.

Every person or conscious being has its own observable universe, including Persimultivons on planet Allivonterox 15 billion light years away; (et cetera). Of course, there are multiple overlaps for those living in close places and times.

Cat

 

[Harry Costas]

I understand

 

[Harry Costas]

I came across this paper, I thought it may be of interest.

[Submitted on 30 Nov 2024]

Simulating Rotating Newtonian Universes​

Balázs Pál, Tze Goh, Gábor Rácz, István Szapudi

We present the results of a novel type of numerical simulation that realizes a rotating Universe with a shear-free, rigid body rotation inspired by a Gödel-like metric. We run cosmological simulations of unperturbed glasses with various degrees of rotation in the Einstein-de Sitter and the ΛCDM cosmologies. To achieve this, we use the StePS N-body code capable of simulating the infinite Universe, overcoming the technical obstacles of classical toroidal (periodic) topologies that would otherwise prevent us from running such simulations. Results show a clear anisotropy between the polar and equatorial expansion rates with more than 1% deviation from the isotropic case for maximal rotation without closed timeline curves within the horizon, ω0≈10−3 Gyr−1; a considerable effect in the era of precision cosmology.

 

[Harry Costas]

I added this paper of interest.

[Submitted on 3 Dec 2024 (v1), last revised 26 Dec 2024 (this version, v2)]

Regular black holes from thin-shell collapse​

Pablo Bueno, Pablo A. Cano, Robie A. Hennigar, Ángel J. Murcia

We establish that regular black holes can form from gravitational collapse. Our model builds on a recent construction that realized regular black holes as exact solutions to purely gravitational theories that incorporate an infinite tower of higher curvature corrections in any dimension D≥5 [arXiv:2403.04827]. We identify a two-dimensional Horndeski theory that captures the spherically symmetric dynamics of the theories in question and use this to prove a Birkhoff theorem and obtain the generalized Israel junction conditions. Armed with these tools, we consider the collapse of thin shells of pressureless matter, showing that this leads generically to the formation of regular black holes. The interior dynamics we uncover is intricate, consisting of shell bounces and white hole explosions into a new universe. The result is that regular black holes are the unique spherically symmetric solutions of the corresponding theories and also the endpoint of gravitational collapse of matter. Along the way, we establish evidence for a solution-independent upper bound on the curvature, suggestive of Markov's limiting curvature hypothesis.

 

[Harry Costas]

This is a never ending story. Infinity

[Submitted on 4 Mar 2025]

A common origin of two accelerating universes: inflation and dark energy​

Kunio Kaneta, Kin-ya Oda, Motohiko Yoshimura

We develop a quantum theory of inflaton and its decay product of various gauge boson pairs to investigate the preheating towards thermalized universe. The inflaton decay into gauge-boson pairs is shown to be inevitably accompanied by tachyon-mass-like correction to inflation potential that ultimately leads to an inflaton escape out of trapped local potential minimum towards the field infinity. This gives rise to a conversion mechanism of early inflationary acceleration to a quintessence dark energy acceleration at late stages of cosmic evolution. The success of the escape depends on how standard particles are incorporated into a scheme of extended Jordan-Brans-Dicke gravity. New types of super-radiance mechanism that enhance the ending of preheating are identified and compared with the Dicke model.

 

[Harry Costas]

For, those who want a deeper explanation and understanding.
Matter and energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Matter and energy can go through phases in an infinite process. The age of the universe being infinite.
The age of stars and galaxies has a cyclic event process.


[Submitted on 11 Mar 2025]

Cosmic topology. Part IIIb. Eigenmodes and correlation matrices of spin-2 perturbations in orientable Euclidean manifolds​

Amirhossein Samandar, Javier Carrón Duque, Craig J. Copi, Mikel Martin Barandiaran, Deyan P. Mihaylov, Glenn D. Starkman, Yashar Akrami, Stefano Anselmi, Fernando Cornet-Gomez, Johannes R. Eskilt, Andrew H. Jaffe, Arthur Kosowsky, Anna Negro, Joline Noltmann, Thiago S. Pereira, Andrius Tamosiunas (COMPACT Collaboration)

We study the eigenmodes of the spin-2 Laplacian in orientable Euclidean manifolds and their implications for the tensor-induced part of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and polarization anisotropies. We provide analytic expressions for the correlation matrices of Fourier-mode amplitudes and of spherical harmonic coefficients. We demonstrate that non-trivial spatial topology alters the statistical properties of CMB tensor anisotropies, inducing correlations between harmonic coefficients of differing ℓ and m and across every possible pair of temperature and E- and B-modes of polarization. This includes normally forbidden TB and EB correlations. We compute the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between the pure tensor-induced CMB fluctuations in the usual infinite covering space and those in each of the non-trivial manifolds under consideration, varying both the size of the manifolds and the location of the observer. We find that the amount of information about the topology of the Universe contained in tensor-induced anisotropies does not saturate as fast as its scalar counterpart; indeed, the KL divergence continues to grow with the inclusion of higher multipoles up to the largest ℓ we have computed. Our results suggest that CMB polarization measurements from upcoming experiments can provide new avenues for detecting signatures of cosmic topology, motivating a full analysis where scalar and tensor perturbations are combined and noise is included.

 

[Classical Motion]

I am convinced that matter and energy has been, is, and will be continuously destroyed. The background static is a record of this.

This should continue until a certain rarity of matter. That rarity state is dependent on velocity.

If the matter is slow, the rarity required is large. A very rare density. If the matter is fast, a much more density of matter is possible, without any interaction.

If there is no more matter interaction, no more energy and matter will be destroyed.

When the cosmos goes cold, no more destruction of matter and energy. The record, the static will remain. Far beyond any imaginable future.

Just a personal supposition.

 

[Harry Costas]

The universe will never go cold.
What gives you that idea?

 

[Classical Motion]

Every emission cools it off.

 

[Harry Costas]

Cools it off where?
Are you taking into consideration of cyclic process?

Research transient condensates.
Gravity sinks of the local group of galaxies.
Gravity sink of our super cluster of local groups.