<p>Three cheers for the Phoenix team, from the builders to the controllers! Finally, an powered landing on Mars that went right!</p><p> </p><p>Having to use the Mars Recon craft for a relay points out the next area that should be addressed in our exploration of the Red Planet, and that is a system of Tracking, Data, and Relay Satellites that pass data to and from a master control satellite that communicates with Earth from a solar orbit a few degrees from Mars. Uniterrupted high speed data communications is going to become critical in the robotic exploration of this planet, which we should persue ambitiously, in my opinion.</p><p> Mars is the perfect testing ground for remote sensing, aritficial intelligence, imaging, and a myriad of other technologies that are going to be essential in our exploration of the Solar System. We can justify considerable expense in developing those technolgies in exploring Mars, because it is very likely that humans will go there eventually. Semi-autonomous rovers, high-resolution imaging of soil, geologic formations, clouds, and who knows what else, constant weather data, drilling and coring robots, the list is practically endless of possiblities for applying our knowledge of robotics and computers to learning about this completely different place.</p><p>Having a data network capable of handling real-time situations locally under a master computer's guidance, with links to Earth working at minimum turnaround time can make a difference between successfully negotiating a dificult patch and losing a multi-million dollar probe that took six months to reach Mars. Instead of having high levels of computing power in each probe, the smarts can be in a spacecraft off-planet, and networked to the individual probes. High bandwidth available at all times would make this possible, which means at least three satellites in geosynchronus orbit. </p><p>When humans begin the exploration of this new world, that same network would be available for communications with a mother ship or Earth, as well as relaying weather data. By using a large rocket, and Hohmann orbits, a trio of TDRS satellites could be sent to Mars and deployed in a single launch. Once those are in place, a second launch would send the master computer spacecraft. By equipping each TDRS satellite with elementary sensors, a constant monitoring of surface conditions all over the planet would be possible. We should also design all space-based components so that robotic upgrades and repairs are possible, so that this network can be maintained. </p><p>If we figure that this network will have a lifespan of a minimum of 50 years, we allow for it to be used by several generations of probes, as well as the first manned missions. It would also allow the deployment of considerably more sophisicated probes than we are currrently sending, because so much processor power would be available without having to build it into the probes. The master controller should also be capable of being programmed for mission goals for several different probes, and providing local control for them, from hazard avoidance to route selection on a moment by moment basis, or relaying instructions from Earth when critical situations arise.</p><p>The robotic exploration of Mars is a perfect counterpoint to the manned exploration and exploitation of the Moon, I believe, because it would keep the concept of going to Mars alive while we perfect the technologies needed to make the trip survivalable. And I believe that we should learn a great deal more about this place before we send people there, because surprises can be very difficult to deal with at the ond of o six-month long supply line. We should have detailed weather data for the entire planet, detailed surface images, and extensive geological surveys in hand before we undertake the expense and danger of landing humans on Mars. The presence of an atmosphere makes exploration so much more unpredictable that we need to understand the Martian environment thoroughly. </p><p>Space exploration will always be spearheaded by robotic probes, I blieve, and Mars offers us a laboratory to perfect many of those technologies. The money that we spend learning these things will generate benefits for generations, because they will be important in every expansion of the human sphere of activities. Space is probably never to going to be heavily populated in the forseeable future, but it must be an essential part of our future if we are to have much of a future. Learing to see accurately, and to manipulate effectively over huge distances is integral to our utilization of the resources of the Solar System, and those resources are what stand between us and destroying our home trying to enjoy a high standard of living. </p> <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> The secret to peace of mind is a short attention span. </div>