najaB,<br /><br />I have to wonder how many people who post here have any grasp of how incredible the Thermal Protection System is. A method of absorbing heat energy of terrific intensity, without allowing it to travel a few centimeters. Material which must withstand not only high temperatures, but pressure waves and shock waves as well. This system had to be engineered so that, when the tiles absorbed heat and expanded, they did not cause each other to shatter. The evidence of lost tiles, gap filler material, and impact damge has proven over the years that this system has exceded the best hopes of its designers. Any system will fail if abused enough, and foam strikes had been getting worse when Columbia was lost. The failure was not with the Thermal Protection System, it was with the foam installation on the External Tank.<br /><br />Hopefully, someday a Thermal Protection System which is reusable but does not require extensive overhaul after each flight can be perfected. Until that time, we will probably go back to the good old ablative heat sheilds, which were designed to desintigrate, so as to carry the heat away from the capsule. Probably the simplest part of the whole rocket, especially when the capsules will almost certainly be small enough to fit in the payload bay of the shuttle. At least we got to see some inspired engineering! <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> The secret to peace of mind is a short attention span. </div>