I would like to weigh in with some comments from the Chinese perspective. <br /><br />What has not been discussed are the priorities of the Chinese leadership. These are often not understood by westerners. Beijing is awash with cash yes, but only because it has been slow to grow its fiscal commitments. There is no effective social security or healthcare benefit for vast numbers of Chinese. In many places public services such as police and education are very ineffective. Beijing could use its last dime, and still not come anywhere close to western standards of public service. <br /><br />Then there is the national defense situation. While salaries are lower, modern hardware costs about the same at market exchange rates. This means China has to very carefully manage its defense spending to deter an American response regarding Taiwan. <br /><br />Despite the CCP's negative image in the west, it *is* a responsible government with the interests of Chinese people in its heart. Any Chinese will agree with this at least in principle. How to progress our society while defending the national interest is the top question in Beijing. The vast foreign exchange savings does not mean we can spend on luxuries such as space exploration, but shows we haven't figured out how to better use the money in our own country. I will be overjoyed to see the day the government can spend its last dime to good purposes. <br /><br />Personally I am a fan of space flight, and I would like to see space exploration as a way to involve the people with science, engineering, and discovery at a mass scale. For average Chinese however, having *something* going on in space is enough to fill our pride -- and the government tunes its space spending very carefully to this cost/benefit equation. <br /><br />Therefore my view is China does not see space as a tournament in which to gain "pre-eminence". Space is one of many vehicles to China's national goals. We will grow our commitments to exploration as other goals are a