Why does the moon turn red during a total lunar eclipse?

There is some evidence that the Moon in the umbra can look more violet than red. This may be explained by a phenomenon known as selective scattering.

It would only happen when the atmosphere has a lot of very small particles that are less than the wavelength of blue light. In this rare case, the blue light is scattered forward far more than the other colors.

Perhaps only powerful volcanoes are capable of this. I recall discussing this with an active amateur astronomer who was in Hawaii years ago who claimed this is what he saw.

If you want to see "selective scattering" at work, take a look a this. This "true color" image shows the region around the Sun as seen from Mars. It just so happens that the particle sizes in the Martian atmosphere are just right for selective scattering, hence instead of the typical yellow or orange sky around the Sun, it is a blue, albeit dim, colored sky.

There is no reason to think this lunar eclipse will demonstrate the above, but it's fun to think about should the next one follow a serious volcano or two.
 

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