Question Condensates

[Harry Costas]

Terms used by some;
Exotic Stars, Strange Stars, Neutron Stars, Quark Stars, Kaon Stars, Electroweak Stars, Preo Stars, Partonic Stars, Boson Star, Procar Stars, Axion Gluon Stars, Bose-Einstein Condensates etc etc.
I would say, research and research, the answers are still in discussion, saying that there is 1000s of papers written by scientists.

 

[Harry Costas]

High Energy Physics - Theory
[Submitted on 20 Oct 2021 (v1), last revised 30 Dec 2021 (this version, v2)]
Re-examining the stability of rotating horizonless black shells mimicking Kerr black holes
Ulf Danielsson, Suvendu Giri

In arXiv:1705.10172 a string theory inspired alternative to gravitational collapse was proposed, consisting of a bubble of AdS space made up of ingredients from string theory. These ultra compact objects are 9/8 times the size of the corresponding Schwarzschild black hole, but being within the photosphere are almost indistinguishable from them. Slowly rotating counterparts of these black shells were constructed in arXiv:1712.00511, which closely mimic a Kerr black hole, but have a quadrupole moment that differs from Kerr. Recently, arXiv:2109.09814 studied the dynamical stability of the stationary black shells against radial perturbations and accretion of matter, and examined a two parameter family of fluxes required for stability. In this paper, we re-examine the rotating black shells with particular attention to the constraints imposed by this dynamical analysis for non-rotating shells. Extrapolating these results to rotating shells, we find that they can indeed support themselves at a critical point in the gravitational potential. Additionally, requiring that they settle back to their new Buchdahl radius after accreting matter, uniquely fixes the fluxes required for dynamical stability. The flux parameters turn out to have an extremely simple form, and fulfil one of the constraints for perturbative radial stability while exactly saturating the other. The preferred quadrupole moment that we find, given some physical assumptions, is 7% less than Kerr.

Comments:	10 pages
Subjects:	High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th); General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
Journal reference:	Phys. Rev. D 104, 124086 (2021)
DOI:	10.1103/PhysRevD.104.124086
Report number:	UUITP-49/21
Cite as:	arXiv:2110.10542 [hep-th]
	(or arXiv:2110.10542v2 [hep-th] for this version)

 

[Harry Costas]

Through the last 100 years or so, Black Holes have been imaged by opinion rather then science.

 

[Harry Costas]

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
[Submitted on 17 Aug 2021]
Quantum optics meets black hole thermodynamics via conformal quantum mechanics: II. Thermodynamics of acceleration radiation
A. Azizi, H. E. Camblong, A. Chakraborty, C. R. Ordonez, M. O. Scully

The thermodynamics of ``horizon brightened acceleration radiation'' (HBAR), due to a random atomic cloud freely falling into a black hole in a Boulware-like vacuum, is shown to mimic the thermodynamics of the black hole itself. The thermodynamic framework is developed in its most general form via a quantum optics master equation, including rotating (Kerr) black holes and for any set of initial conditions of the atomic cloud. The HBAR field exhibits thermal behavior at the Hawking temperature and an area-entropy-flux relation that resembles the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. In addition, this general approach revealsi) the existence of an HBAR-black-hole thermodynamic correspondence that explains the HBAR area-entropy-flux relation;(ii) the origin of the field entropy from the near-horizon behavior, via conformal quantum mechanics (CQM).

Comments:	31 pages, 1 figure
Subjects:	General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc); High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
DOI:	10.1103/PhysRevD.104.084085
Cite as:	arXiv:2108.07572 [gr-qc]
	(or arXiv:2108.07572v1 [gr-qc] for this version)

Why I’m posting such work is to indicate what scientists are looking at, this is a drop in the bucket.

 

[Harry Costas]

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
[Submitted on 10 Jul 2021]
Motion of test particle in rotating boson star
Yu-Peng Zhang, Yan-Bo Zeng, Yong-Qiang Wang, Shao-Wen Wei, Yu-Xiao Liu

Motion of a test particle plays an important role in understanding the properties of a spacetime. As a new type of the strong gravity system, boson stars could mimic black holes located at the center of galaxies. Studying the motion of a test particle in the spacetime of a rotating boson star will provide the astrophysical observable effects if a boson star is located at the center of a galaxy. In this paper, we investigate the timelike geodesic of a test particle in the background of a rotating boson star with angular number m=(1,2,3). With the change of angular number and frequency, a rotating boson star will transform from the low rotating state to the highly relativistic rapidly rotating state, the corresponding Lense-Thirring effects will be more and more significant and it should be studied in detail. By solving the four-velocity of a test particle and integrating the geodesics, we investigate the bound orbits with a zero and nonzero angular momentum. We find that a test particle can stay more longer time in the central region of a boson star when the boson star becomes from low rotating state to highly relativistic rotating state. Such behaviors of the orbits are quite different from the orbits in a Kerr black hole, and the observable effects from these orbits will provide a rule to investigate the astrophysical compact objects in the Galactic center.

Comments:	comments are welcome
Subjects:	General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
Cite as:	arXiv:2107.04848 [gr-qc]
	(or arXiv:2107.04848v1 [gr-qc] for this version)

How can man be so advance in the short period on Earth

 

[Harry Costas]

High Energy Physics - Theory
[Submitted on 31 Jul 2021 (v1), last revised 11 Oct 2021 (this version, v2)]
Inflation and Supersymmetry Breaking in Higgs-R2 Supergravity
Shuntaro Aoki, Hyun Min Lee, Adriana G. Menkara

We propose a new construction of the supergravity inflation as an UV completion of the Higgs-R2 inflation. In the dual description of R2-supergravity, we show that there appear dual chiral superfields containing the scalaron or sigma field in the Starobinsky inflation, which unitarizes the supersymmetric Higgs inflation with a large non-minimal coupling up to the Planck scale. We find that a successful slow-roll inflation is achievable in the Higgs-sigma field space, but under the condition that higher curvature terms are introduced to cure the tachyonic mass problems for spectator singlet scalar fields. We also discuss supersymmetry breaking and its transmission to the visible sector as a result of the couplings of the dual chiral superfields and the non-minimal gravity coupling of the Higgs fields.

Comments:	32 pages, 5 figures. v2 : Minor corrections, references added
Subjects:	High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th); General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc); High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
DOI:	10.1007/JHEP10(2021)178
Cite as:	arXiv:2108.00222 [hep-th]
	(or arXiv:2108.00222v2 [hep-th] for this version)

To fully understand one needs to go where no man has gone before, to explore the unexplored, to look at processes that are too far fetched, regardless of the negative or positive critics.

 

[Harry Costas]

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
[Submitted on 23 Dec 2021]
Boson stars and black holes with wavy scalar hair
Yves Brihaye (Université de Mons, Belgium), Betti Hartmann (University College London, UK)

In this paper, we follow up on the discovery of a new type of solution in the Einstein-Maxwell system coupled minimally to a self-interacting complex scalar field. For sufficiently large gravitational coupling and sufficiently small electromagnetic coupling we demonstrate that boson stars as well as black holes can carry scalar hair that shows a distinct new feature: a number of spatial oscillations in the scalar field away from the core or horizon, respectively. These spatial oscillations appear also in the curvature invariants and hence should be a detectable feature of the space-time. As a first hint that this is true, we show that the effective potential for null geodesics in this space-time possesses a local minimum indicating that in the spatial region where oscillations occur a new stable photon sphere should be possible. We also study the interior of the black holes with scalar hair and show that the curvature singularity appears at a finite value of the radius and that black holes with wavy scalar hair have this singularity very close to the center.

Subjects:	General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc); High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
Cite as:	arXiv:2112.12830 [gr-qc]
	(or arXiv:2112.12830v1 [gr-qc] for this version)

Slowly slowly we are getting closer to understanding varies types of stars.

 

[Harry Costas]

Condensed Matter > Quantum Gases
[Submitted on 26 Jan 2022]
Multi-band Bose-Einstein condensate at four-particle scattering resonance
Joe Bailey, Pavlo Sukhachov, Korbinian Baumgaertl, Simone Finizio, Sebastian Wintz, Carsten Dubs, Joerg Raabe, Dirk Grundler, Alexander Balatsky, Gabriel Aeppli

Superfluidity and superconductivity are macroscopic manifestations of quantum mechanics, which have fascinated scientists since their discoveries roughly a century ago. Ever since the initial theories of such quantum fluids were formulated, there has been speculation as to the possibility of multi-component quantum order. A particularly simple multi-component condensate is built from particles occupying different quantum states, or bands, prior to condensation. The particles in one or both bands may undergo condensation, as seen for certain solids and anticipated for certain cold atom systems. For bulk solids, the different bands always order simultaneously, with conventional pairing characterized by complex order parameters describing the condensates in each band. Another type of condensate, notably occurring at room temperature, has been identified for magnons, the magnetic analogue of lattice vibrations, injected by microwaves into yttrium iron garnet. Here we show that magnon quantization for thin samples results in a new multi-band magnon condensate. We establish a phase diagram, as a function of microwave drive power and frequency relative to the magnon bands, revealing both single and multi-band condensation. The most stable multi-band condensate is found in a narrow regime favoured on account of a resonance in the scattering between two bands. Our discovery introduces a flexible non-equilibrium platform operating at room temperature for a well-characterised material, exploiting a Feshbach-like resonance, for examining multi-band phenomena. It points to qualitatively new ways to engineer and control condensates and superconducting states in multiband systems and potential devices containing multiple interacting condensates.

Subjects:	Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas); Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Cite as:	arXiv:2201.11043 [cond-mat.quant-gas]
	(or arXiv:2201.11043v1 [cond-mat.quant-gas] for this version)

This field is cutting edge in trying to understand quantum dynamics of Chriral Supersymmetry Dipolar Electromagnetic vector force field Condensate.
The simple understanding may explain the formations of hour glass nebulae and diffferent galaxy formations such as spiral and elliptical.

 

[Harry Costas]

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
[Submitted on 24 Jan 2022]
Gluon condensates and effective gluon mass
Jan Horak, Friederike Ihssen, Joannis Papavassiliou, Jan M. Pawlowski, Axel Weber, Christof Wetterich

Lattice simulations along with studies in continuum QCD indicate that non-perturbative quantum fluctuations lead to an infrared regularisation of the gluon propagator in covariant gauges in the form of an effective mass-like behaviour. In the present work we propose an analytic understanding of this phenomenon in terms of gluon condensation through a dynamical version of the Higgs mechanism, leading to the emergence of color condensates. Within the functional renormalisation group approach we compute the effective potential of covariantly constant field strengths, whose non-trivial minimum is related to the color condensates. In the physical case of an SU(3) gauge group this is an octet condensate. The value of the gluon mass obtained through this procedure compares very well to lattice results and the mass gap arising from alternative dynamical scenarios.

Comments:	22 pages, 9 figures
Subjects:	High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
Cite as:	arXiv:2201.09747 [hep-ph]
	(or arXiv:2201.09747v1 [hep-ph] for this version)

If you can understand the basics properties of condensates, than you may explain the many formations out there.

 

[Harry Costas]

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
[Submitted on 23 Jan 2022 (v1), last revised 31 Jan 2022 (this version, v2)]
Quark condensate in QCD at nonzero magnetic field and temperature
Yu.A.Simonov

The basic form of the quark condensate for arbitrary values of the quark mass, external magnetic field and temperature, is derived using the field equations with account of confinement. The resulting expression of the chiral condensate is shown to be proportional to square of the singlet qq¯ ground state wave function at origin, |ϕ0(0)|2. For light quarks without magnetic field the condensates are proportional to σ3/2 (σ is the string tension). Numerical results are presented in 5 Tables and shown to be in good agreement with the lattice data, both for nonzero magnetic field eB and temperature T in the range 0<T<120~MeV,~ 0<eB<4~GeV2.

Comments:	15 pages,5 tables
Subjects:	High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
Cite as:	arXiv:2201.09253 [hep-ph]
	(or arXiv:2201.09253v2 [hep-ph] for this version)

We know the atom is composed of electron shell and at the centre protons and neutrons.
We know that if a proton gains an electron it transforms into a neutron.
We also know that neutrons and proton are made up of Quarks.
Qarks are made up of packs of electrons called patrons.
Patrons break down to electrons..
Each part above can be compacted to extreme.
The various condensates are called transients condensate.
All condensates have a dipolar electromagnetic vector force field.

 

[Harry Costas]

Astrophysics > Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
[Submitted on 23 Mar 2021]
Cosmological perturbations for ultra-light axion-like particles in a state of Bose-Einstein condensate
Shinji Tsujikawa

For ultra-light scalar particles like axions, dark matter can form a state of the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with a coherent classical wave whose wavelength is of order galactic scales. In the context of an oscillating scalar field with mass m, this BEC description amounts to integrating out the field oscillations over the Hubble time scale H−1 in the regime m≫H. We provide a gauge-invariant general relativistic framework for studying cosmological perturbations in the presence of a self-interacting BEC associated with a complex scalar field. In particular, we explicitly show the difference of BECs from perfect fluids by taking into account cold dark matter, baryons, and radiation as a Schutz-Sorkin description of perfect fluids. We also scrutinize the accuracy of commonly used Newtonian treatment based on a quasi-static approximation for perturbations deep inside the Hubble radius. For a scalar field which starts to oscillate after matter-radiation equality, we show that, after the BEC formation, a negative self-coupling hardly leads to a Laplacian instability of the BEC density contrast. This is attributed to the fact that the Laplacian instability does not overwhelm the gravitational instability for self-interactions within the validity of the nonrelativistic BEC description. Our analysis does not accommodate the regime of parametric resonance which can potentially occur for a large field alignment during the transient epoch prior to the BEC formation.

Comments:	23 pages, 3 figures
Subjects:	Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO); General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc); High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
Journal reference:	Phys. Rev. D 103, 123533 (2021)
DOI:	10.1103/PhysRevD.103.123533
Cite as:	arXiv:2103.12342 [astro-ph.CO]
	(or arXiv:2103.12342v1 [astro-ph.CO] for this version)

Axion matter is a condensate with an estimate compaction of 10 to the 35.
That is so crazy.
To confine AXION matter it requires massive amount of matter.
The resultant dipolar vector force fields are monsters.

 

[Harry Costas]

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
[Submitted on 10 Jun 2020 (v1), last revised 23 Jun 2021 (this version, v2)]
Lepto-Axiogenesis
Raymond T. Co, Nicolas Fernandez, Akshay Ghalsasi, Lawrence J. Hall, Keisuke Harigaya

We propose a baryogenenesis mechanism that uses a rotating condensate of a Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry breaking field and the dimension-five operator that gives Majorana neutrino masses. The rotation induces charge asymmetries for the Higgs boson and for lepton chirality through sphaleron processes and Yukawa interactions. The dimension-five interaction transfers these asymmetries to the lepton asymmetry, which in turn is transferred into the baryon asymmetry through the electroweak sphaleron process. QCD axion dark matter can be simultaneously produced by dynamics of the same PQ field via kinetic misalignment or parametric resonance, favoring an axion decay constant fa≲1010 GeV, or by conventional misalignment and contributions from strings and domain walls with fa∼1011 GeV. The size of the baryon asymmetry is tied to the mass of the PQ field. In simple supersymmetric theories, it is independent of UV parameters and predicts the supersymmtry breaking mass scale to be (10−104) TeV, depending on the masses of the neutrinos and whether the condensate is thermalized during a radiation or matter dominated era. We also construct a theory where TeV scale supersymmetry is possible. Parametric resonance may give warm axions, and the radial component of the PQ field may give signals in rare kaon decays from mixing with the Higgs and in dark radiation.

Comments:	71 pages, 6 Figures
Subjects:	High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
Cite as:	arXiv:2006.05687 [hep-ph]
	(or arXiv:2006.05687v2 [hep-ph] for this version)
	https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2006.05687 Focus to learn more
Journal reference:	J. High Energ. Phys. 2021, 17 (2021)
Related DOI:	https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2021)017 Focus to learn m

Dipolar condensates and the many transient forms gives the tool to program computers to explain the many formations observed, such as hour glass nebulae, elliptical and spiral galaxies and much more.

 

[Harry Costas]

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
[Submitted on 11 Mar 2022]
Compact stars in the Einstein dark energy model
Zahra Haghani, Tiberiu Harko

We investigate the properties of high density compact objects in a vector type theory, inspired by Einstein's 1919 theory of elementary particles, in which Einstein assumed that elementary particles are held together by gravitational as well as electromagnetic type forces. From a modern perspective, Einstein's theory can be interpreted as a vector type model, with the gravitational action constructed as a linear combination of the Ricci scalar, of the trace of the matter energy-momentum tensor, and of a massive self-interacting vector type field. To obtain the properties of stellar models we consider the field equations for a static, spherically symmetric system, and we investigate numerically their solutions for different equations of state of quark and neutron matter, by assuming that the self-interaction potential of the vector field either vanishes or is quadratic in the vector field potential. We consider quark stars described by the MIT bag model equation of state and in the Color Flavor Locked phase, as well as compact stars consisting of a Bose-Einstein Condensate of neutron matter, with neutrons forming Cooper pairs. Constant density stars, representing a generalization of the Interior Schwarzschild solution of general relativity, are also analyzed. Also, we consider the Douchin-Haensel (SLy) equation of state. The numerical solutions are explicitly obtained in both standard general relativity, and the Einstein dark energy model and an in depth comparison between the astrophysical predictions of these two theories are performed. As a general conclusion of our study, we find that for all the considered equations of state a much larger variety of stellar structures can be obtained in the Einstein dark energy model, including classes of stars that are more massive than their general relativistic counterparts.

Subjects:	General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
Cite as:	arXiv:2203.05764 [gr-qc]
	(or arXiv:2203.05764v1 [gr-qc] for this version)
	https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2203.05764 Focus to learn more

Collecting papers is my hobby, how can we understand when we only understand a scratch of a scratch of knowledge.

 

[COLGeek]

@Harry Costas

What is the significance of all of these sources? Seem you are shouting from the rooftops, but not sure what message you are trying to share.

 

[Harry Costas]

Smile
What is the significance?
To understand condensates, maybe by reading you may get to understand the the ultimate understanding of how matter in the universe expands and contract.
May even explain the theory of the Big Bang nucleosynthesis.

 

[Harry Costas]

What do you want to know?

 

[COLGeek]

Smile
What is the significance?
To understand condensates, maybe by reading you may get to understand the the ultimate understanding of how matter in the universe expands and contract.
May even explain the theory of the Big Bang nucleosynthesis.

Honestly, without specific context, your list seems a random collection of topics you are interested in. It almost appears like spam.

I would suggest trying to be more relevant to the specifics of the threads you respond to/initiate.

 

[Harry Costas]

I’m sorry that you think it is spam.
Every paper that I share is directly related to understanding condensates.
I’m confused that you do not see the reason why I’m posting.
Do you understand the properties of condensates and their transients.
Quantum Mechanics understanding is omnipotent .

 

[Harry Costas]

Astrophysics > High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
[Submitted on 10 Apr 2013]
Active Galactic Nuclei under the scrutiny of CTA
H. Sol, A. Zech, C. Boisson, U. Barres de Almeida, J. Biteau, J.-L. Contreras, B. Giebels, T. Hassan, Y. Inoue, K. Katarzynski, H. Krawczynski, N. Mirabal, J. Poutanen, F. Rieger, T. Totani, W. Benbow, M. Cerruti, M. Errando, L. Fallon, E. de Gouveia Dal Pino, J.-A. Hinton, S. Inoue, J.-P. Lenain, A. Neronov, K. Takahashi, H. Takami, R. White (on behalf of the CTA collaboration)

Active Galactic Nuclei (hereafter AGN) produce powerful outflows which offer excellent conditions for efficient particle acceleration in internal and external shocks, turbulence, and magnetic reconnection events. The jets as well as particle accelerating regions close to the supermassive black holes (hereafter SMBH) at the intersection of plasma inflows and outflows, can produce readily detectable very high energy gamma-ray emission. As of now, more than 45 AGN including 41 blazars and 4 radiogalaxies have been detected by the present ground-based gamma-ray telescopes, which represents more than one third of the cosmic sources detected so far in the VHE gamma-ray regime. The future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) should boost the sample of AGN detected in the VHE range by about one order of magnitude, shedding new light on AGN population studies, and AGN classification and unification schemes. CTA will be a unique tool to scrutinize the extreme high-energy tail of accelerated particles in SMBH environments, to revisit the central engines and their associated relativistic jets, and to study the particle acceleration and emission mechanisms, particularly exploring the missing link between accretion physics, SMBH magnetospheres and jet formation. Monitoring of distant AGN will be an extremely rewarding observing program which will inform us about the inner workings and evolution of AGN. Furthermore these AGN are bright beacons of gamma-rays which will allow us to constrain the extragalactic infrared and optical backgrounds as well as the intergalactic magnetic field, and will enable tests of quantum gravity and other "exotic" phenomena.

Comments:	28 pages, 23 figures
Subjects:	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
Cite as:	arXiv:1304.3024 [astro-ph.HE]
	(or arXiv:1304.3024v1 [astro-ph.HE] for this version)
	https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1304.3024 Focus to learn more
Journal reference:	Astroparticle Physics, 43 (2013), 215-240
Related DOI:	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2012.12.005 Focus to learn more

These AGN are pert of the explanation of how matter in space expands and contracts.
I post this not to make me look smart. But! To further understand the workings of the universe.
If I expressed my opinion it would limit the potential.
I hope this helps.

 

[Harry Costas]

Astrophysics > High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
[Submitted on 10 Apr 2013]
Active Galactic Nuclei under the scrutiny of CTA
H. Sol, A. Zech, C. Boisson, U. Barres de Almeida, J. Biteau, J.-L. Contreras, B. Giebels, T. Hassan, Y. Inoue, K. Katarzynski, H. Krawczynski, N. Mirabal, J. Poutanen, F. Rieger, T. Totani, W. Benbow, M. Cerruti, M. Errando, L. Fallon, E. de Gouveia Dal Pino, J.-A. Hinton, S. Inoue, J.-P. Lenain, A. Neronov, K. Takahashi, H. Takami, R. White (on behalf of the CTA collaboration)

Active Galactic Nuclei (hereafter AGN) produce powerful outflows which offer excellent conditions for efficient particle acceleration in internal and external shocks, turbulence, and magnetic reconnection events. The jets as well as particle accelerating regions close to the supermassive black holes (hereafter SMBH) at the intersection of plasma inflows and outflows, can produce readily detectable very high energy gamma-ray emission. As of now, more than 45 AGN including 41 blazars and 4 radiogalaxies have been detected by the present ground-based gamma-ray telescopes, which represents more than one third of the cosmic sources detected so far in the VHE gamma-ray regime. The future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) should boost the sample of AGN detected in the VHE range by about one order of magnitude, shedding new light on AGN population studies, and AGN classification and unification schemes. CTA will be a unique tool to scrutinize the extreme high-energy tail of accelerated particles in SMBH environments, to revisit the central engines and their associated relativistic jets, and to study the particle acceleration and emission mechanisms, particularly exploring the missing link between accretion physics, SMBH magnetospheres and jet formation. Monitoring of distant AGN will be an extremely rewarding observing program which will inform us about the inner workings and evolution of AGN. Furthermore these AGN are bright beacons of gamma-rays which will allow us to constrain the extragalactic infrared and optical backgrounds as well as the intergalactic magnetic field, and will enable tests of quantum gravity and other "exotic" phenomena.

Comments:	28 pages, 23 figures
Subjects:	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
Cite as:	arXiv:1304.3024 [astro-ph.HE]
	(or arXiv:1304.3024v1 [astro-ph.HE] for this version)
	https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1304.3024 Focus to learn more
Journal reference:	Astroparticle Physics, 43 (2013), 215-240
Related DOI:	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2012.12.005 F

Sorry for posting by this method.
Active Cores are responsible for expansion and contraction of matter.

 

[Harry Costas]

arXiv:2201.04032 [pdf, other]

Magnetic Dual Chiral Density Wave: A Candidate Quark Matter Phase for the Interior of Neutron Stars
I’m trying to reduce the amount of the paper.
Condensates transients such as Neutron and Quark matter allows us to imagine the possible outcome knowing that they have a dipolar electromagnetic feature.

 

[Catastrophe]

Harry, from your posts #6 and #7:

Classical Black Hole with a singularity cannot form.
The condensate can form a core, that the vector fields going into the core prevent electromagnetic waves from escaping, mimic a black hole. In this case the dipolar vector fields created by the core form a vortex expelling matter from the core.
The event horizon formed prevents us from seeing the start of the vortex and in some cases thousands of light years away, as though it has popped out of nothing.

and
QUOTE
Matter cannot be created or destroyed.
So what happens to matter when it collects and collects and becomes denser and denser.
Understanding what happens, gives us the chance to observe objects out there and predict.
QUOTE

I do not have your level of expertise, to understand what you are posting. I would appreciate it, if you can inform me as to whether your ideas are compatible with the idea of a cyclic universe model wherein a phase ends with a black hole, passing through a nexus, and 'emerges' as a big bang?

My impression is that it is compatible, but please comment.

With regard to 'emerging into' and like issues, I think you are familiar with the idea which I offered in the flatlander posts. The flatlander, living on the surface of an expanding balloon observes the expansion as in the well known examples. He is unaware of radial expansion observable by a being who appreciates a higher dimension. It is in this context that I use the word nexus.

Cat

 

[Unclear Engineer]

Reply to COLGeek:

I don't see what Harry has been posting as "almost spam", in that it is references that look for solutions to our cosmological observations that get around some of the problems we have with General Relativity and the Big Bang Theory.

On the other hand, the specialized terminology and notation make it hard to follow the basic concepts - I spend a lot of time looking up meanings of the words used, and really have no basic source for the specialized math notations.

So, considering the nature of this forum, which is mostly non-specialists who would like to get a better understanding of cosmological issues and reasoning, I suggest that Harry spend a few of his posts telling us what he is getting out of reading these papers, using layman's terms to make the concepts clear. I think I have the general gist of the replacement of black holes with black hole mimics, but it is unclear to me how and where to transition from General Relativity to the Chiral Supersymmetry Field equations in the vicinity of what we are at least calling black holes.
Harry should probably start with an explanation of superfields and their notations.

 

[Catastrophe]

I can see both points of view.

I am sure Harry has the best of motives, but such lists of (to me) very complicated references are IMHO not the best way to promote his ideas here. I am trying to engage with Harry on specific issues with a view to finding some (for me) common ground.

I heartily agree with Unclear Engineer in the following:
"So, considering the nature of this forum, which is mostly non-specialists who would like to get a better understanding of cosmological issues and reasoning, I suggest that Harry spend a few of his posts telling us what he is getting out of reading these papers, using layman's terms to make the concepts clear."

Cat

 

[Harry Costas]

All want is for people to research, my opinion is not as important as people keep reading and reading until they can think outside the circle.
What do I think?
The answer to the workings of the universe lies in the understanding of Condensate Trensients.
Their Dipolar electromagnetic vector fields allow us to explain formation of various forms of galaxies and the hour glass image when a star releases its solar envelope.