Question Condensates

[Harry Costas]

Condensate in action.

Largest Black Hole Jets Ever Seen Create a Galactic Structure That Will Blow Your Mind

How does this exist?

search.app

 

[Classical Motion]

This link has the raw image.

https://www.space.com/black-hole-jets-longest-23-million-light-years

I think it’s impossible to sync or phase thousands of antennas at different locations from the surface of an accelerating sphere. Call me cynical. I am, but technically is what I mean.

Making the composite creamy with puffy trails and a crosshatching background.

I find it difficult to discern a laser beam like linear flare. Maybe it’s my eyes again.

Which is moving faster, the puffs or the puffers? Looks intermittent to me. With quite a time span.

BH cycling? Does ours cycle? Our bubbles might be remnants of it. It might have started flaring and we not know it yet.

Would love to see the raw image from those the other sources. Artists seem to have a lot of liberty.

Or imagination. I do admit a bias for these “artist impressions”.

 

[Harry Costas]

We have similar images to compare
M87

 

[Harry Costas]

What does it all mean?
Scientists continue to research to understand the properties of compact matter.

[Submitted on 28 Oct 2024]

Pi in the Sky: Neutron Stars with Exceptionally Light QCD Axions​

Mia Kumamoto, Junwu Huang, Christian Drischler, Masha Baryakhtar, Sanjay Reddy

we present a comprehensive study of axion condensed neutron stars that arise in models of an exceptionally light axion that couples to quantum chromodynamics (QCD). These axions solve the strong-charge-parity (CP) problem, but have a mass-squared lighter than that due to QCD by a factor of ε<1. Inside dense matter, the axion potential is altered, and much of the matter in neutron stars resides in the axion condensed phase where the strong-CP parameter θ=π and CP remains a good symmetry. In these regions, masses and interactions of nuclei are modified, in turn changing the equation of state (EOS), structure and phenomenology of the neutron stars. We take first steps toward the study of the EOS of neutron star matter at θ=π within chiral effective field theory and use relativistic mean field theory to deduce the resulting changes to nuclear matter and the neutron star low-density EOS. We derive constraints on the exceptionally light axion parameter space based on observations of the thermal relaxation of accreting neutron stars, isolated neutron star cooling, and pulsar glitches, excluding the region up to 5×10−7≲ε≲0.2 for ma≳2×10−9eV. We comment on potential changes to the neutron star mass-radius relationship, and discuss the possibility of novel, nuclear-density compact objects with θ=π that are stabilized not by gravity but by the axion potential.

 

[Gibsense]

What does it all mean?

Axions may be real even if not yet detected (they are theoretically extremely weak in interaction with ordinary matter) and are considered a dark matter contender. In trying to answer it seems they are needed (?) as part of 'standard theory'.

It seems to be a way in which the presence of axions in neutron stars could constitute a validation of standard theory by showing how things may work. But if you really are interested you better check this out I do not want to mislead.

 

[Harry Costas]

The Journey has just started.

Research into Transient Condensates

 

[Harry Costas]

""The chiral symmetry breaking leads to a shift in the guiding center coordinates of the Landau orbitals near the step edge, thus resulting in a distinct chiral flow of the spectral density of Landau levels. This study underscores the pivotal role of topological defects as sensitive probes for detecting hidden symmetries, offering profound insights into emergent phenomena with implications for fundamental physics.""

[2410.22088] Probing chiral symmetry with a topological domain wall sensor

 

[Harry Costas]

Science is moving forward

https://search.app/3VfEAfyWVSDPApJL9

 

[Harry Costas]

The plot thickens.
One of the most important properties of Condensates found in the cores of Black Holes is that they explain a variety of Galaxy Formations and star formations.


[Submitted on 21 Nov 2024]

Dark universe inspired by the Kaluza-Klein gravity​

Kimet Jusufi, Giuseppe Gaetano Luciano, Ahmad Sheykhi, Daris Samart

We explore the potential implications of Kaluza-Klein (KK) gravity in unifying the dark sector of the Universe. Through dimensional reduction in KK gravity, the 5D spacetime framework can be reformulated in terms of a 4D spacetime metric, along with additional scalar and vector fields. From the 4D perspective, this suggests the existence of a tower of particle states, including KK gravitons with massive spin-0 and spin-1 states, in addition to the massless spin-2 gravitons of general relativity (GR). By assuming a minimal coupling between the self-interacting scalar field and the gauge field, a "mass" term emerges for the spin-1 gravitons. This, in turn, leads to long-range gravitational effects that could modify Newton's law of gravity through Yukawa-type corrections. We draw an analogy with superconductivity theory, where the condensation of a scalar field results in the emergence of massive spin-1 particles producing repulsive forces, along with an increase of the gravitational force due the correction to Newton's constant. Assuming an environment-dependent mass for the spin-1 graviton, near the galactic center the repulsive force from this spin-1 graviton is suppressed by an additional attractive component from Newton's constant corrections, resulting in a Newtonian-like, attraction-dominated effect. In the galaxy's outer regions, the repulsive force fades due to its short range, making dark matter appear only as an effective outcome of the dominant attractive corrections. This approach also explains dark matter's emergence as an apparent effects on cosmological scales while our model is equivalent to the scalar-vector-tensor gravity theory. Finally, we examine the impact of dark matter on the primordial gravitational wave (PGW) spectrum and show that it is sensitive to dark matter effects, providing an opportunity to test this theory through future GW observatories.

 

[Harry Costas]

Chiral Super-Symmetry Dipolar Electromagnetic Vector Fields (Jets) or (Vortex manifolds), are all created by the core properties of condensates.

[Submitted on 24 Nov 2024]

Towards a parameter-free determination of critical exponents and chiral phase transition temperature in QCD​

Sabarnya Mitra, Frithjof Karsch, Sipaz Sharma

In order to quantify the universal properties of the chiral phase transition in (2+1)-flavor QCD, we make use of an improved, renormalized order parameter for chiral symmetry breaking which is obtained as a suitable difference of the 2-flavor light quark chiral condensate and its corresponding light quark susceptibility. Having no additive ultraviolet as well as multiplicative logarithmic divergences, we use ratios of this order parameter constructed from its values for two different light quark masses. We show that this facilitates determining in a parameter-independent manner, the chiral phase transition temperature Tc and the associated critical exponent δ which, for sufficiently small values of the light quark masses, controls the quark mass dependence of the order parameter at Tc. We present first results of these calculations from our numerical analysis performed with staggered fermions on Nτ=8 lattices.