Question CYCLIC UNIVERSE

[Harry Costas]

View: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1QsG9v_QHF8


Part of cyclic event.
Matter from stars and galaxies pulled into the condensate core and expelled out.
It's a regeneration process.

 

[billslugg]

The jets are very narrow, this due to strong magnetic fields. Particles can only escape at the magnetic poles where the field lines are nearly parallel. Everything not sucked in by the black hole is sent back out to make new stars. Regeneration.

 

[Classical Motion]

I can’t find any recombination dynamic. Once matter is disassociated and accelerated to velocity, both the EM and the G forces seem to be neutralized. The solar wind for example, and I dare say flares should have much more velocity than star and galactic wind.

So some dynamic to slow the particles is needed for recombination. And because of the quantum levels, any recombination into dipoles, H1, should involve emission. But we detect none of it.

These high velocity particles would not interact with light. And the galactic density and inter galactic density is impossible to detect and measure. It’s probably impossible to inventory cosmic matter. Most of it could be undetectable. Regular matter. Neutralized with velocity.

 

[Harry Costas]

To understand the properties of Condensates one needs to know how compact matter forms various phases.

Transient Condensates
Compact atomic matter 10^5 compaction
Neutron Matter 10^17 (Google it)
Quark Matter 10^18 to about 10^25(these form Neutrons)
Partonic Matter (these form quarks)

Axion or similar matter forms Partonic matter.

Neutrino Matter forms Axion matter

All condensates have a dipolar field generated from the core.

This dipolar field allows the jet to be stable for long periods.

If the core is fed matter its long Jeopardy is guaranteed.

If turbulence feeds the jet from outside the core, its stability is short-lived.

So what happens
Nucleosynthesis some people call it BB Nucleosynthesis.

Where quantum matter released from the core reforms into atomic matter.

A perfect Storm in cyclic matter

 

[Harry Costas]

View: https://youtu.be/GTcbas5usK4?si=6jOamJhPSsXRk0ZJ


Similar link

 

[Harry Costas]

For a hundred years or so, humans have been obsessed with the Big Bang Theory and Black Holes with Singularities.

[Submitted on 7 Jun 2024 (v1), last revised 12 Aug 2024 (this version, v2)]

Emergent Universe from an Unstable de Sitter Phase​

Molly Burkmar, Marco Bruni

In the Emergent scenario, the Universe should evolve from a non-singular state replacing the typical singularity of General Relativity, for any initial condition. For the scalar field model in [1] we show that only a set of measure zero of trajectories leads to emergence, either from a static state (an Einstein model), or from a de Sitter state.
Assuming a scenario based on CDM interacting with a Dark Energy fluid, we show that in general flat and open models expand from a non-singular unstable de Sitter state at high energies; for some closed models this state is a transition phase with a bounce, other closed models are cyclic. A subset of these models are qualitatively in agreement with the observable Universe, accelerating at high energies, going through a matter-dominated decelerated era, then accelerating toward a de Sitter phase.

 

[Harry Costas]

We look deeper and deeper and we find objects, trillions of galaxies and yet we refer back to the big Bang.
Go Figure

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[Harry Costas]

OK, this paper refers to the Big Bang.
Nucleosynthesis is very important in understanding how matter recycles.


[Submitted on 24 Jun 2022]

Cosmic nucleosynthesis: a multi-messenger challenge​

Roland Diehl, Andreas Korn, Bruno Leibundgut, Maria Lugaro, Anton Wallner

The origins of the elements and isotopes of cosmic material is a critical aspect of understanding the evolution of the universe. Nucleosynthesis typically requires physical conditions of high temperatures and densities. These are found in the Big Bang, in the interiors of stars, and in explosions with their compressional shocks and high neutrino and neutron fluxes. Many different tools are available to disentangle the composition of cosmic matter, in material of extraterrestrial origins such as cosmic rays, meteorites, stardust grains, lunar and terrestrial sediments, and through astronomical observations across the electromagnetic spectrum. Understanding cosmic abundances and their evolution requires combining such measurements with approaches of astrophysical, nuclear theories and laboratory experiments, and exploiting additional cosmic messengers, such as neutrinos and gravitational waves. Recent years have seen significant progress in almost all these fields; they are presented in this review. Models are required to explore nuclear fusion of heavier elements. These have been confirmed by observations of nucleosynthesis products in the ejecta of stars and supernovae, as captured by stardust grains and by characteristic lines in spectra seen from these objects, and also by ejecta material captured by Earth over millions of years in sediments. All these help to piece together how cosmic materials are transported in interstellar space and re-cycled into and between generations of stars. Our description of cosmic compositional evolution needs observational support, as it rests on several assumptions that appear challenged. This overview presents the flow of cosmic matter and the various sites of nucleosynthesis, as understood from combining many techniques and observations, towards the current knowledge of how the universe is enriched with elements.

 

[Harry Costas]

Science is moving forward

https://search.app/3VfEAfyWVSDPApJL9

 

[Harry Costas]

To understand a cyclic process, one must go deep in understanding Transient Condensates.
How matter can go from one phase to the next.

[Submitted on 19 Jul 2024]

Computing ground states of spin-2 Bose-Einstein condensates by the normalized gradient flow​

Weizhu Bao, Qinglin Tang, Yongjun Yuan

We propose and analyze an efficient and accurate numerical method for computing ground states of spin-2 Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) by using the normalized gradient flow (NGF). In order to successfully extend the NGF to spin-2 BECs which has five components in the vector wave function but with only two physical constraints on total mass conservation and magnetization conservation, two important techniques are introduced for designing the proposed numerical method. The first one is to systematically investigate the ground state structure and property of spin-2 BECs within a spatially uniform system, which can be used on how to properly choose initial data in the NGF for computing ground states of spin-2 BECs. The second one is to introduce three additional projection conditions based on the relations between the chemical potentials, together with the two existing physical constraints, such that the five projection parameters used in the projection step of the NGF can be uniquely determined. Then a backward-forward Euler finite difference method is adapted to discretize the NGF. We prove rigorously that there exists a unique solution of the nonlinear system for determining the five projection parameters in the full discretization of the NGF under a mild condition on the time step size. Extensive numerical results on ground states of spin-2 BECs with ferromagnetic/nematic/cyclic phase and harmonic/optical lattice/box potential in one/two dimensions are reported to show the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed numerical method and to demonstrate several interesting physical phenomena on ground states of spin-2 BECs.

 

[Harry Costas]

Merry Xmas
or
Have a safe and happy Holiday.

Whatever religion, whatever culture.

 

[Harry Costas]

The cyclic process will explain how the universe keeps going from infinity to infinity.


[Submitted on 14 Dec 2024 (v1), last revised 7 Jan 2025 (this version, v2)]

Symmetries of a 3D Field-Theoretic Model​

R. Kumar, R. P. Malik

We discuss the discrete as well as the continuous symmetry transformations for a three (2+1)-dimensional (3D) combined system of the free Abelian 1-form and 2-form gauge theories within the framework of Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) formalism and establish their relevance in the context of the algebraic structures that are obeyed by the de Rham cohomological operators of differential geometry. In fact, our present field-theoretic system respects six continuous symmetry transformations and a couple of very useful discrete duality symmetry transformations. Out of the above six continuous symmetry transformations four are off-shell nilpotent (i.e. fermionic) in nature and two are bosonic. The algebraic structures, obeyed by the symmetry operators, are reminiscent of the algebra satisfied by the de Rham cohomological operators. Hence, our present 3D field-theoretic system provides a perfect example for Hodge theory where there is convergence of ideas from the physical aspects of the BRST formalism and mathematical ingredients that are connected with the cohomological operators of differential geometry at the algebraic level. One of the highlights of our present investigation is the appearance of a pseudo-scalar field in our theory (on the symmetry ground alone) which carries the negative kinetic term. Thus, it is one of the possible candidates for the ``phantom" fields of the cyclic, bouncing and self-accelerated cosmological models of the Universe.